Now while the new settlement was thus broad and reasonable, the
Massachusetts Bay Colony grew even narrower than before. Differences
of opinion in church matters continued to arise, for never in the
history of the world has it been possible for all men to think alike.
Punishments for “heresy” were still the order of the day. Banishments
were frequent. Some of the exiles thus disgraced were obliged to seek
new homes as Roger Williams had done.
Among these were William Coddington and John Clarke, a learned
physician, both of whom had much to do with the history of the new
colony afterwards. With the help of Roger Williams, the new-comers
purchased the island of Aquidneck in Narragansett Bay from Canonicus
and Miantonomo. It was this island, later called Rhode Island, that
gave its name to the state. The Indians then residing on the island
agreed to vacate in return for ten coats and twenty hoes.
Another exile from the Bay Colony was Mrs. Anne Hutchinson, a woman
of brilliant and wonderful mind, who had offended the magistrates for
holding firmly to certain religious opinions and teaching the same.
She joined the little Aquidneck settlement and as long as she remained
there, enjoyed peace and freedom from persecution.
To return to the colony at Providence. It was an experiment in every
sense of the word. For one thing, mere existence was to prove a
struggle. Life was hard and crude. The early settlers were unfitted, in
many ways, to meet the difficulties of building up a new community. Few
were skilled laborers, all were poor. Men of professional training were
unknown. No doctor’s sign was in evidence and for many years, whenever
medical advice or medicine was needed, Roger Williams had to send
outside the settlement for it.
Land was plentiful, it is true, but scarcely anything else. Yet one
early precaution taken by Roger Williams did much to lessen the
hardships of those first years. He and Governor Winthrop purchased
the island of Prudence in the Bay as a grazing-place for goats and
swine. Twenty fathom of wampum and two coats was the price paid. Roger
Williams’ curious description pictures it as “spectacle-wise and
between a mile or two in circuit.” This transaction plainly showed
his tact as well as the high esteem in which he was held by Canonicus.
It seems that the sachem wished to reserve half of the island, but was
anxious to have Roger Williams for a neighbor. Two short extracts from
Roger Williams’ correspondence with Winthrop tell the whole story of
the proceedings that followed. In the first letter, he wrote, “I think
if I go over, I shall obtain _the whole_”; the second letter records
simply, “I have bought and paid for the island.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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