Institution of consuls and limitation of the _imperium_, 78. Appointment of quaestors, 80. The Senate of the early Republic, 81. Creation of the dictatorship, 84. Government of the patrician aristocracy, 85. Rights of the plebeians, 87. Social struggles of the _plebs_, 89. Creation of the tribunate, 93. The powers of the _tribuni plebs_, 94. The _concilium plebis_, 96. The aediles of the _plebs_, 97. The _sacrosanctitas_ of the plebeian magistrates, 99. The _concilium plebis_ meets by tribes, 100. Creation of a _comitia tributa_, 102. Agitation for the publication of a code, 102. The Twelve Tables, 104. Attempt at despotism made by the decemvirs, 107. The Valerio-Horatian laws, 108. Intermarriage permitted between the orders, 111. Institution of _tribuni militum consulari potestate_, 112. Institution of the censorship, 115. Struggle for the consulship, 118. The Licinio-Sextian laws, 119. Institution of the praetorship and the curule aedileship, 120. Admission of the plebeians to office, 122; and to the religious colleges, 123. Rights secured to the _plebs_ by the _leges Publiliae_ and the _lex Hortensia_, 124. Results of the tendencies of plebeian emancipation, 127. The new nobility, 129. Continued distinction between the orders, 131. CHAPTER III THE CLASSES OF THE POPULATION AND THE THEORY OF THE CONSTITUTION IN THE DEVELOPED REPUBLIC _THE CLASSES OF THE POPULATION_ 1. Modes of acquiring citizenship, 132. Modes of enfranchisement, 134. _Ingenuitas_, 135. Rights and duties of the citizen, 136. Developed conception of _capitis deminutio_, 138. Changes in the Roman family, 140. The condition of the slave, 141. The freedmen, 144. _THE THEORY OF THE CONSTITUTION_ 2. Complexity of the constitution, 146. Theory of the state as revealed in the _interregnum_, 147. Separate existence of the _plebs_, 149. The weakening of the magistracy and the resulting ascendancy of the Senate, 150. CHAPTER IV THE MAGISTRACY _GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MAGISTRACY_