Roman Public LifeGreenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
History
Roman Public Life
Greenidge, A. H. J. (Abel Hendy Jones)
Constitutional history -- Rome; Rome -- Politics and government
The auspices were divided into _impetrativa_ (or _impetrita_) and
_oblativa_.[132] The _auspicia impetrativa_ were those which were sought
and asked for, and such signs might be taken from observation of the sky
or from the flight or sounds of birds. The _oblativa_ were those which
were forced on the attention, and which, since they were not sought,
were generally regarded as an impediment to action, and, therefore, as
unfavourable. They were gathered from a heterogeneous collection of signs
of ill-omen (_dirae_). It is plain that the right to take or, as it is
expressed, to have auspices (_habere auspicia_) can refer only to the
first of these two categories; it was this right that was assumed to be
peculiar to the Patricians; it was the members of the original clans
alone, the primitive _patres_, who had the right of asking signs of the
gods, and it was held that every important act of their lives, whether
public or private, should be pervaded by this divine intercourse. It was
believed that it was through auspices that the city had been raised,
political development attained, and former victories won.[133] The
existence of the patrician order is from this point of view a necessary
condition of the existence of the state itself, for without it the right
of eliciting the divine will would be wholly lost.[134] But no human
power could prevent the Plebeians from following the religious scruples
of their betters in giving heed to those warnings which were thrust upon
their notice. The _auspicia oblativa_, whether the gods destined them for
others besides the patrician body or not, must from the earliest times
have been respected by the Plebeians, and have guided their political
conduct when they became a corporation within the state.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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