Pre-Raphaelitism -- Great Britain; Rossetti, Dante Gabriel, 1828-1882
In the early part of 1854 Rossetti wrote to Ruskin that he was
occupied with ideas for three subjects, _Found_, _Mary Magdalene at
the Door of Simon_, and another which is not named, but which from
the context one may infer to have been the water-colour diptych of
_Paolo and Francesco da Rimini_. In August of the same year he wrote
that he was at work on a _Hamlet and Ophelia_, "deeply symbolical of
course," and predestined for the folio which Millais had presented,
and which was still supposed to be in circulation among the members
of a select sketching club. About the same time he submitted to
Ruskin two designs for _The Passover_, one of which was chosen to be
begun at once, while Ruskin also commissioned seven drawings from the
"Purgatorio," of which one certainly, _Matilda gathering Flowers_,
was very shortly put in hand. None of these undertakings saw the
light for at least another year; the _Hamlet_ not for four or five.
The _Matilda_ was finished first and delivered in September 1855, and
on the 2nd December Madox Brown records in his diary, _apropos_ Miss
Siddal being stranded in Paris without money, "Gabriel, who saw that
none of the drawings on the easel could be completed before long,
began a fresh one, _Francesca da Rimini_, in _three compartments_;
worked day and night, finished it in a week, got thirty-five guineas
for it from Ruskin, and started off to relieve them." This was the
earliest version of a subject that Rossetti returned to more than
once, representing in one compartment the lover's kiss, and in the
second their two souls floating clasped together in Hell through a
rain of pale sulphurous flames. Between the compartments are two
figures meant for Dante and Virgil, with the words "O Lasso!" Within
the same period, viz., by October, 1855, another Dante subject, _The
Vision of Rachel and Leah_, was taken up and completed.
_The Passover_ drawing, just referred to, is a small, unfinished
water-colour, in which once more Rossetti has treated the domestic
life of the Holy Family with a reverent freedom from conventionality,
such as Millais used in _The Carpenter's Shop_ and Holman Hunt in the
_Finding of Christ in the Temple_. _The Passover_ was one of
Rossetti's very earliest designs, having been sketched out first as
far back as 1849; it was the one selected for a memorial window to
Rossetti in the church at Birchington-on-Sea, where he was buried.
Other drawings which are dated, or were finished by 1855, though they
may have been in hand considerably earlier, are _The Nativity_, _La
Belle Dame sans Mercy_, and the _Annunciation_, all water-colours.
In the last-named the Virgin (done from Miss Siddal) is represented
washing clothes in a stream, whilst the angel Gabriel stands by with
folded wings, between two trees: both are in white, and the picture
shows a strong effect of sunlight.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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