Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjectsProctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Rough Ways Made Smooth: A series of familiar essays on scientific subjects
Proctor, Richard A. (Richard Anthony)
Science
Certainly, for an eclipse occurring two years from the time of minimum,
and five years from the time of maximum disturbance, that of July,
1842,[1] has not supplied evidence favouring the theory with which we
started. Whether any other theory of association between the corona and
the sun-spots will better accord with the evidence hitherto collected
remains to be seen.
Turn we now to the eclipse of 1851, occurring nearly midway between
the epochs of maximum solar disturbance (1848) and minimum solar
disturbance (1856). I take the account given by Airy, our Government
astronomer, as he was one of the observers of the eclipse of 1842.
'The corona was far broader,' he says, 'than that which I saw in
1842. Roughly speaking, the breadth was little less than the moon's
diameter, but its outline was very irregular. I did not notice any
beams projecting from it which deserved notice as much more conspicuous
than the others; but the whole was beamy, radiated in structure, and
terminated--though very indefinitely--in a way which reminded me of the
ornament frequently placed round a mariner's compass. Its colour was
white, or resembling that of Venus. I saw no flickering or unsteadiness
of light. It was not separated from the moon by any interval, nor had
it any annular structure. It looked like a radiated luminous cloud
behind the moon.'
The corona thus described belongs to that which our theory associates
with the period of maximum rather than of minimum solar disturbance.
Definite peculiarities of structure seem to have been more numerous and
better marked than in 1842. It accords with our theory that 1851 was
a year of greater solar disturbance than was observed in 1842, as the
following numbers show:--
Days of Days without New groups
observation spots observed
1842 307 64 68
1851 308 0 141
1860 332 0 211
I have included the year 1860, as we now proceed to consider the corona
then seen by Airy. The year 1860 did not differ very markedly, it will
be observed, from 1851, as regards the number of new groups of spots
observed by Schwabe, especially when account is taken of the number of
days in which the sun was observed in these two years. But 1860 was a
year of maximum solar disturbance, whereas 1851 was not.[2]
Airy remarks of the corona in 1860:--'It gave a considerable body,
but I did not remark either by eye-view or by telescope-view
anything annular in its structure; it appeared to me to resemble,
with some irregularities (as I stated in 1851), the ornament round a
compass-card.'
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