Turning now to special diseases and comparing the number of deaths caused by special diseases in the country and in the city, it is to be noted, first of all, that a greater difference exists in the case of certain special diseases in the country and in the city than was found in the general death-rate. In the case of typhoid fever, basing the comparison on the statistics of the Census Office of the United States, we find, first, that, at present, the difference in the death-rates from typhoid fever in cities and in rural districts is very small. It is also to be seen (from the following table) that in both city and in rural districts, the rate is steadily decreasing, although in neither has the rate yet fallen to what would, in other countries, be considered a reasonable and proper death-rate. The first line of the table is the actual death-rate from typhoid fever per 100,000 population, based on the total population resident in all the United States where vital statistics are kept; the second line gives the same data for cities not included in registration states;[1] the third line is based on figures for cities in registration states;[1] and the fourth line is based on the statistics for rural districts and villages of less than 8000 population:-- TABLE VI. SHOWING DEATH-RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION FROM TYPHOID FEVER IN PLACES INDICATED ============================================================================== Year 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The registration area 35.9 32.4 34.5 34.4 32.0 28.1 32.1 30.3 25.3 Registration cities 36.5 33.9 37.5 38.2 35.2 30.1 34.2 32.9 25.8 Cities in registration states 28.5 26.5 25.9 24.6 24.0 22.0 34.2 31.7 24.5 Rural part of registration states 34.6 28.8 27.0 24.7 23.8 23.0 28.6 26.0 24.3 ============================================================================== [Footnote 1: States in which full credit is given by U. S. Census Office for Vital Statistics collected from all parts of the state.] This table shows that, taking the United States as a whole, the typhoid-rate in rural districts is generally less than in cities and that in cities the rate is excessively high. When it is remembered that by filtration of public water-supplies the typhoid-rate may be brought down to about 15 per 100,000, and that cities with pure water-supplies will not exceed that rate, it is plain how serious is the danger from typhoid in such cities as Cohoes or Oswego. The following table from statistics taken in New York State shows the same conditions as Table VI.-- TABLE VII. SHOWING DEATH-RATES FROM TYPHOID FEVER PER 100,000 POPULATION IN NEW YORK STATE AS INDICATED