Their position in Russian literature--The early folk-novelists--Grigórovitch--Márko Vovtchók--Danilévskiy--Intermediate period: Kókoreff; Písemskiy; Potyekhin--Ethnographical researches--The realistic school: Pomyalóvskiy--Ryeshetnikoff--Levítoff--Gleb Uspenskiy--Zlatovrátskiy and other folk-novelists: Naúmoff--Zasódimskiy--Sáloff--Nefédoff--Modern realism: Maxim Gorkiy. CHAPTER VIII: POLITICAL LITERATURE; SATIRE; ART-CRITICISM; CONTEMPORARY NOVELISTS 263 POLITICAL LITERATURE--Difficulties of censorship--The circles: Westerners and Slavophiles--Political literature abroad: Herzen--Ogaryóff--Bakunin--Lavróff--Stepniak--_The Contemporary_ and Tchernyshévskiy--SATIRE: Schedrin (Saltykoff)--ART-CRITICISM--Its importance in Russia--Byelinskiy--Dobrolúboff--Písareff--Mihailóvskiy-- Tolstóy’s _What is Art?_--CONTEMPORARY NOVELISTS: Oertel--Korolenko--Present drift of literature--Merezhovskiy-- Boborykin--Potápenko--Tchehoff. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 319 INDEX 321 PART I Introduction: The Russian Language CHAPTER I The Russian Language--Early folk literature: Folk-lore--Songs--Sagas--_Lay of Igor’s Raid_--Annals--The Mongol Invasion; its consequences--Correspondence between John IV. and Kúrbiskíy--Split in the Church--Avvakúm’s _Memoirs_--The eighteenth century: Peter I. and his contemporaries--Tretiakóvsky--Lomonósoff--Sumarókoff--The times of Catherine II.--Derzhávin--Von Wízin--The Freemasons: Nóvikoff; Radíscheff--Early nineteenth century: Karamzín and Zhukóvskiy--The Decembrists--Ryléeff.