Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, SaghalienGriffiths, Arthur
History
Russian Prisons: St. Peter and St. Paul; the Schlüsselburg; the Ostrog at Omsk; the story of Siberian exile; Tiumen, Tomsk, Saghalien
Griffiths, Arthur
Exiles -- Russia (Federation) -- Siberia -- History; Prisons -- Russia -- History
The fortress contained other prisons far worse than that of the bastion.
There was the Trubetzkoi Ravelin to the west of it, the cells in which
are so dark that candles are burned in them for twenty-two hours out of
the twenty-four. Their walls were literally dripping with moisture and
there were pools of water on the floor. An account of the sufferings of
some who were concerned in the “Trial of the Sixteen,” whose death
sentences had been commuted to imprisonment in the ravelin, was
published in the _Narodnaya Volya_. “Not only books were prohibited, but
everything that might help to occupy the attention. Zubkovski made
geometrical figures with his bread to practise geometry, and they were
immediately removed by the gaoler, who said that hard-labour prisoners
were not permitted to amuse themselves.” Of those whose sentences were
commuted one became consumptive and another was attacked with scurvy and
brought to death’s door. Two of the five condemned to hard labour in the
same fortress went mad, and one attempted to commit suicide.
One of a party transferred to the Moscow prison was so helpless from
scorbutic wounds that he was carried out of the cellular wagon in a
hand-barrow. Two fainted as soon as they were taken into the open air.
Tatiana Lebedieva had been sentenced to twenty years’ hard labour.
“But,” says the medical report, “she cannot live so long. Scurvy has
destroyed all her gums; the jaws are visible beneath; she is moreover in
an advanced stage of consumption.” Another, a mother, was nursing her
eighteen months’ old baby, and every minute it seemed the child must die
in her arms. As for herself, she did not suffer much, either physically
or morally.
Regarding the Alexis Ravelin on the eastern front, no very authentic
details are forthcoming, but it is said to contain underground cells as
bad as any _oubliettes_ in the dark ages. The only proof of their
existence is to be found in the fact that a number of soldiers of the
garrison were tried by court-martial for having conducted a clandestine
correspondence for some of the prisoners, carrying out letters for them
and smuggling in newspapers, money and other prohibited articles. The
prisoners concerned were nameless. The inevitable fate of those
committed to the Alexis Ravelin was to lose their identity; they were
forgotten and became mere numbers, only distinguished by the numerals of
the _oubliettes_ they occupied. This happened to one, Netchaiev, who
killed a spy at Moscow and fled to Switzerland, from where he was
extradited by the authorities of a free country, but on condition that
he should be tried as a common-law prisoner. Netchaiev absolutely
disappeared after he was tried at Moscow and sentenced to hard labour.
There is no record of his incarceration in any central prison or of his
departure for Siberia. It is nearly certain that he was lost to all
knowledge in some hidden depth of the Schlüsselburg fortress.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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