Falconer says that lower studding sails were used on the main
and fore. The booms were generally hooked on to the chains by a
gooseneck, and kept steady by a guy. Topmast and t’gallant studding
sails were spread along the foot by booms which slid out from the
yards. This is well seen in the _Queen_ and many another model which
the reader will no doubt have examined. In a similar manner the
head of the sail had small sliding yards for the same purpose. The
sail on the mizzen mast now called a driver or spanker was chiefly
used when on a wind, being usually stowed when running. The boom
will be found to project very far over the stern, even to an almost
incredible extent, yet this is quite accurate for the period. As is
still the custom, the gaff was kept up when the sail was not in use,
contrary to the practice on a modern cutter-rigged vessel. The origin
of this sail we have seen develop from the old lateen, and modified
in its transition by Dutch influence. Now, one characteristic of
the Dutchman was his love of brails, and even when the boom was
added and the diagonal sprit taken away from this sail on the little
fore-and-afters the brailing system clung tenaciously to the sail. We
have a very good instance of this in the mainsail of the bawley (see
Fig. 86), which has neither boom nor sprit, but which can be brailed
up all the same. The barge has a sprit but no boom, and stows her
sail by brailing. When this sail came to be used as the driver on
square-rigged ships and the boom was also added, using a loose-footed
sail, the brails still survived as we see them on the _Queen_. In
furling the driver, therefore, the brail hauled the sail to the mast:
then in order to make a neat job of it a kind of clew-garnet drew the
leach end of the foot diagonally across the sail to the mast also.
This will be noticed in many contemporary prints of this period and
earlier. I have talked with one old sailor who remembers, when the
ship had got into the favourable trade-wind, not merely setting every
stitch of canvas the vessel had to put up, but even stepping the
masts of the ship’s boats lying on deck and hoisting the sails of
these boats to drive the ship along yet faster still. The reader may
remember that Nelson’s _Victory_, one of the fastest line-of-battle
ships of her day, went into action at Trafalgar with studding sails
set.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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