SATIRE IN THE VICTORIAN NOVEL [Illustration] THE MACMILLAN COMPANY NEW YORK · BOSTON · CHICAGO · DALLAS ATLANTA · SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., LIMITED LONDON · BOMBAY · CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TORONTO SATIRE IN THE VICTORIAN NOVEL BY FRANCES THERESA RUSSELL, PH.D. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF ENGLISH, STANFORD UNIVERSITY SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1920 _All rights reserved_ COPYRIGHT, 1920, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published January, 1920. VIRO DOCTISSIMO DAVID STARR JORDAN ET DIS MANIBUS GUILELMI JAMES SACRUM QUI MIHI TEMPORE MEO GRAVISSIMO, NOVA SUPPEDITANTES OFFICIA NOVAM VITÆ SEMITAM MONSTRAVERUNT PREFACE If the following monograph were to be presented from the point of view of a proponent, the author would be put triply on the defensive in relation to the theme. For, from one cause or another, the trio of terms in the title lies under a certain blight of critical opinion. Satire, being a thistle “pricked from the thorny branches of reproof,” cannot expect to be cherished in the sensitive human bosom with the welcome accorded to the fair daffodil or the sweet violet. It must be content to be admired, if at all, from a safe distance, with the cold eye of intellectual appraisal.