Satire in the Victorian novelRussell, Frances Theresa
History
Satire in the Victorian novel
Russell, Frances Theresa
English fiction -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Satire, English -- History and criticism; Thesis (Ph. D.)
“Our deeds determine us as much as we determine our deeds; and
until we know what has been or will be the peculiar combination
of outward with inward facts, which constitutes a man’s critical
actions, it will be better not to think ourselves wise about his
character.”
Elsewhere, on the same theme, she indicates her general impression of
the relative amounts of human wisdom and folly:[464]
“And to judge wisely I suppose we must know how things appear to
the unwise; that kind of appearance making the larger part of
the world’s history.”
This is in agreement with the point of the lines written on the
portrait of Beau Nash at Bath, placed between the busts of Newton and
Pope:
“This picture placed these busts between,
Gives satire all its strength:
Wisdom and Wit are little seen,
But Folly at full length.”
But this Victorian painter of Folly, and at least some of her
contemporaries, endeavored to make satire realistic by drawing Wit and
Wisdom on a proportionate scale. It was in recognition of this that
Stevenson said,
“My compliments to George Eliot for her Rosamund Vincy; the ugly
work of satire she has transmuted to the ends of art by the
companion figure of Lydgate; and the satire was much wanted for
the education of young men.”
Victorian literature would not have cared to produce a _Ship of
Fools_,--though a passenger list might easily be culled out from its
fiction,--nor a _Hudibras_, nor a _Dunciad_, nor even a _Tartuffe_, for
George Warrington voiced the general sentiment when he said of that
great drama that it could not be reckoned great in comparison with
_Othello_, because “‘a mere villainous hypocrite should not be chief of
a great piece.’”[465]
This segment of literature may not be more sincere in its claim of
truth-telling, but it shows more art in its method; and it is perhaps
even less flattering to human nature in its assumption that simple
exposure, without exaggeration, is quite enough.
Nor did it ever expect its satire to prove revolutionary. Peacock,
first on the list, confessed, through one of his characters, of having
been cured of a passion for reforming the world, “by the conviction of
the inefficacy of moral theory with respect to producing a practical
change in the mass of mankind.” He adds,--[466]
“Custom is the pillar round which opinion twines, and interest
is the tie that binds it. It is not by reason that practical
change can be effected, but by making a puncture to the quick in
the feelings of personal hope and personal fear.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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