Wall argues that non-palatalization cannot be regarded as a sign of Scand. influence and cites a number of words in support of this conclusion (see Wall, §30). With regard to _dick_, "ditch," and _sag_, "sedge," Wall is probably right. Those in _sk_ are, however, not so easily disposed of. The presence of certain words with _sk_ in the South or those cited in _sh_ in the North does not prove the case. While the presence of a word in South Eng. diall. is in favor of its genuine Eng. origin, it does not prove it, for certain words, undoubtedly Scand., are found in the Southern dialects. _Shag_, "rough hair," Skeat regards as Norse rather than Eng. _Scaggy_, "shaggy," with initial _sk_, I would regard as Norse from O.N. _skegg_, not from O.E. _sceagga_. _Shriek_ Skeat regards as Scand. Bradley derives it from O.L.G. _scricon_ which is found once in the Heliand. Eng. dial. _skrike_. Wall on the other hand derives it from O.E. _scricon_, since _scric_ is found. _Scric_ occurs in O.E. as the name of the shriekbird. The vb. is not found. Whether we regard "shriek" native or not, _scrike_ is to be derived from O.N. _skrika_. _Skeer_ is from O.N. _skera_; _sheer_ from O.E. _sceran_. In form if not in meaning, we have an exact parallel in the M.E. _skir_, "bright," from O.N. _skir_, and _schir_ from O.E. _scir_. In a few cases words that seem Scand. appear with _sh_, not _sk_. The etymology of such words, however, becomes rather doubtful. This is especially the case where in the Norse word a guttural vowel followed the _sk_. Where, however, the Norse or Dan. word had a palatal vowel after the _sk_ the change to _sh_ is not at all impossible, and here arises the question of palatalization in O.N. O.N. _skiól_, pron. _sk-iól_, with _sk_, = Norse _skjūl_ (pron. _shūl_). _Ski_ thus becomes _sh_ in O.N. _skilinn_, Norse _shil_, O.N. _skilja_, Norse _shilja_ (or _skille_), O.N. _skipta_, Norse _shifta_. West Norse also shows change of _k_ to _ch_ before _i_ where the _k_ has been kept in East Scand., e.g., O. Ic. _ekki_ = W.Norse (dial.) _ikkje_ or _intje_, pron. _ittje_, _intje_, Dan. _ikke_ (_igge_). _I_ between _sk_ and a dark vowel early became _j_ in Norse, which then gave the preceding _sk_ something of a palatal nature. The development of O.N. _skiól_ into _shiel_ in Scotland and England may be explained in this way, as _skiól_ > _shul_ in Norway. This is, however, to be understood in this way, that if an _i_ or _e_ followed the _sk_, this was in condition to become palatalized, not that it was at all palatal at the time of borrowing. The sound was then distinctly guttural, and the guttural character of _sk_ has in nearly every case been kept in Scand. loanwords in English, for palatalization of O.E. _sc_ was completed before the period of borrowing. This palatalization of _sk_ was general in Scotland as well as in England, and such words in _sk_ must be regarded as Scand. loanwords. 13. CONCLUSION AS TO THE TEST OF NON-PALATALIZATION.