Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch: A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and ScandinavianFlom, George T. (George Tobias)
History
Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch: A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and Scandinavian
Flom, George T. (George Tobias)
Scots language; Scots language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Scandinavian
WALE, _vb._ to select, choose. Douglas, III, 3, 21; Dunbar, G.T.,
186. Probably from the noun _wale_, choice. The vowel does not
correspond with that of the O.N. vb. _velja_, which should
have become _well_. But the forms _dwall_ from O.N. _dvelja_,
and _hale_, O.N. _hella_, appear in Sco. _Wale_ may be a
formation analogous to _hale_.
WAITH, _sb._ the spoil of the chase or of fishing. Wallace, I, 386.
O.N. _væiðr_, a catch in hunting or fishing. Norse _veidd_,
the chase, _veida_, to hunt. On Sco. _faid_, a company of
hunters. See I, §22.
WANDRETH, _sb._ sorrow, trouble. Douglas, I, 88, 14. O.N.
_vandræði_, difficulty, trouble. Norse, _vanraad_, misery,
poverty.
WANT, VANT, _vb._ lack, stand in need of, suffer. Montg., S., 48, 3;
Lyndsay, 152, 40704; Bruce, V, 422; Burns, 113, 2, 3. O.N.
_vanta_, to lack. Norse _vanta_, lack, never means desire.
This is the regular use of the word in Sco.
WANTHREIVIN, _adj._ unthriven, miserable. Montg., F., 327. O.N.
_van_ + _þrifenn_, Norse _vantreven_, O.N. vb. _þrifa_, Norse
_triva_, _vantriva_ (refl.). See Skeat under Eng. _thrive_ and
_thrift_.
WAP (wæ̆p), _vb._ to turn, overturn, throw, hurl. Douglas, I, 2,
20; III, 167, 28; Gol. and Gaw., 127. O.N. _vappa_, to waddle.
Norse _vappa_, turn, wrap around. Sw. dial. _vappla_, wrap up.
Cu. _wap_, to wrap.
WARE, _vb._ to lay out money, spend. Rolland, III, 450; Dunbar, 92,
13; R.R., 3553. O.N. _verja_, to invest money. See Wall.
WAUR, _vb._ to overcome. Burns, 7, 1, 7; Psalms, CXL, 2. See _werr_.
Cp. Eng. _worst_ as a vb. and superlative of bad, worse.
WEIK, _vb._ to weaken. Scott, 68, 14. Cp. Norse _veikja_, to
weaken, make weak. O.N. _væikja_, to grow weak, both from adj.
_væikr_, weak, same as O.E. _wāc_. The Sco. vb. may be
formed directly from the adj., in which case its origin
becomes uncertain. Skeat says Eng. _weak_, M.E. _weyke_ (which
replaced _wook_ < O.E. _wāc_), is from O.N. _væikr_. But
the M. Sco. form of O.E. or O. Nhb. _wāc_ was _wāke_
(wēk); our word could come from this. The diphthong,
however, rather indicates that it comes from the Norse vb.
WEILL-VARANDLY, _adv._ in a proper manner. R.R., 911. See _farrand_.
Cp. O.N. _fara vel_, Norse _fara vel_, to go well, _velfaren_,
gone well.
WELTER, _vb._ to roll, turn, overturn. Bruce, XI, 25; III, 700;
Douglas, II, 125, 25; T.M.W., 439; Lyndsay, 342, 770. O.N.
_valtra_, to be unsteady, not firm, easily shaken. O. Sw.
_valltra_, Sw. dial. _välltra_, to roll.
WERR, WERE, WAR, VAR, WAUR, _adj._ worse. C.S., 57; Lyndsay,
428, 1392; R.R., 589, etc. O.N. _verr_, worse, Norse _verr_,
_verre_, Dan. _værre_, Sw. _värr_, Cu. _waar_. This is the
modern Sco. pronunciation of it. The O. Fr. _wirra_ does not
correspond to the Sco. forms of the word. It is most common in
Scotland and N.W. England.
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