Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch: A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and ScandinavianFlom, George T. (George Tobias)
History
Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch: A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and Scandinavian
Flom, George T. (George Tobias)
Scots language; Scots language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Scandinavian
O.N. _i_ generally remains _i_: _bing_, _grith_, _kist_,
_link_, _lite_, _titling_, _wilrone_, frequently
written _y_: _byng_, _chyngill_, _gyll_, etc.
O.N. _i_ before _st_ > _e_: _gestning_, _restit_.
_i_ > _ī_ in _ithand_ (_ythand_), and _ei_ in
_eident_.
_o._
O.N. _o_ remains _o_: _boldin_, _bolle_, _brod_,
_costlyk_, _loft_, _rock_, etc.
O.N. _o_ + _g_ > _ow_ in _low_.
_u._
O.N. _u_ generally remains _u_: _bught_, _buller_,
_clunk_, _cunnand_, _lucken_, _ugg_, _clubbit_,
_drucken_, _skugg_. The sound of _u_ in O.N.,
however, was approximately that of _oo_ in "foot."
O.N. _u_ > _ū_ in _drook_.
_y._
O.N. _y_ always becomes _i_, written _i_, _y_: _big_,
_birr_, _filly_, _flit_, _trig_, _wyndland_,
_gylmyr_. The O.N. _y_ had approximately the value
of Germ. _ü_.
_æ._
O.N. _æ_ > _e_ in _ettle._
_ö_
O.N. _ö_ > _e_ in _gleg_, _glegy_, appears as _u_ in
_slut_.
O.N. _ö_, _u_-_v_-umlaut of _a_, becomes _æ_, written
_a_: _daggit_, _ragweed_, _tangle_.
O.N. _ö_, _u_-umlaut of _a_ in originally open syllable,
like open _a_, > _ē_ in _spale_.
Hence _u_-umlaut does not appear in loanwords.
_ja_ (_ia_).
O.N. _ja_ > _a_ in _assle-tooth_, _harn_, _starn_.
> _e_ in _sker_ and _stern_.
_jö_ (_iö_).
O.N. _jö_ > _a_ in _tarn_.
O.N. _jö_ > _i_ before _r_ in _firth_, _gyrth_
(_gjörth_), _gyrthin_.
LONG VOWELS.
_ā_.
O.N. _ā_ regularly > _ē_, written _a_, _ai_, _ay_,
_ae_, _ei_ (?): _baith_, _blae_, _bray_, _braith_,
_fra_, _frae_, _lait_, _craik_, _ra_, _saikless_,
_spay_, etc.
O.N. _ā_ + _g_ > _aw_, _awch_, _aigh_, _aich_,
_awsome_, _law_, sb. _law_, adj. _lawch_, beside
_laigh_ and _laich_ in N. Sco.
O.N. _ā_ + _l_ > _ow_ in _chowk_ (O.N. _kjálki_).
_ē_.
O.N. _ē_ remains in _ser_, _seir_.
_ē_ > _ǣ_, written _a_, in _fallow_.
O.N. _ē_ before _tt_ > _i_, written _y_, in _tytt_.
Cp. _titt_ in W.Norse dial.
_ī_.
O.N. _ī_ most frequently remains _ī_, written _i_,
_y_: _flyre_, _gryce_, _grise_, _myth_, _skrik_,
_rive_, _ryfe_, _tithand_, etc.
O.N. _ī_ appears as _e_ in _skrech_, probably
pronounced _skrich_.
O.N. _ī_ > _ē_, written _ei_, in _quey_, _gleit_,
_keik_.
O.N. _ī_ > _ĭ_ in _scrip_, _wick_, and before
original _xl_ in _wissle_ (_wyssyl_).
The corresponding word in Norse also has a short vowel,
but changed to _e_, _veksl_, _vessla_ (and _versla_).
_ō_.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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