Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch: A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and ScandinavianFlom, George T. (George Tobias)
History
Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch: A contribution to the study of the linguistic relations of English and Scandinavian
Flom, George T. (George Tobias)
Scots language; Scots language -- Foreign words and phrases -- Scandinavian
O.N. _ō_ > _ū_, written _o_, _oo_, _u_, _eu_:
_crove_, _rove_, _unrufe_, _hoolie_, _hulie_, _lufe_,
_ruse_, _roose_, _sleuth_, _tume_.
O.N. _ō_ > _ou_ in _clour_.
_ō_ > _oy_ in _toym_ (Bruce), exact sound uncertain.
_ō_ + _l_ > _ow_ in _bow_.
_ū_.
O.N. _ū_ remains in _buth_, _grouf_.
O.N. _ū_ generally > _ou_, _ow_: _boun_, _bowne_,
_bowk_, _cow_, _cour_, etc.
_ū_ > _ō_ in _solande_, _stot_.
_ū_ > _ŭ_ in _busk_.
_ȳ_.
O.N. _ȳ_ regularly > _ī_, written _i_, _y_:
_lythe_, _tyne_, _sit_, _skyrin_, _snite_. Cp. _y_.
O.N. _ȳ_ appears as _ē_ (_ei_) in _neiris_, exact
sound not certain. Cp. _ȳ_ before _st_ > _ĭ_ in
_thrist_ (O.N. _þrýsta_).
_ǣ_.
O.N. _ǣ_ remains in _hething_.
_ǣ_ > _e_ in _sait_.
_ǣ_ > _e_, _e_, in _rad_, _red_, _radness_, etc.
DIPHTHONGS.
_ai_.
O.N. _ai_ > _ē_, written _a_, _ai_, _ay_, _ei_:
_bait_, _bein_, _bayt_, _blaik_, _dey_, _grane_,
_graip_, _graith_, _heid_, _laif_, _lairet_,
_lairing_, _lak_, _laiching_, _thwaite_, _waith_,
_slaik_, _swage_, _raise_, _tha_.
O.N. _ai_ > _i_ in _nyte_ (?).
O.N. _ai_ is represented by _i_ before _r_ in _thir_.
Cp. Cu. _thur_.
O.N. _ain_ > _en_ initially in _enkrely_.
_öy_.
O.N. _öy_ > _ē_, written _e_, _ai_: _careing_, _dey_,
_smaik_.
_öy > e_ in _yemsel_ (_yhemsell_), may be a case of
Dan. monophthongation.
_ou_, _au_.
O.N. _ou_, _au_ is regularly _ou_, _ow_ in Sco.: _blowt_,
_douff_, _dowff_, _gowk_, _gowl_, _loup_, _louse_,
_nowt_, _rout_, _rowste_, _soum_. Very frequently
appears as _oi_, _oy_: e.g., _soym_, _doif_, _goilk_,
_loip_, etc.
O.N. _ou > u_ in _gukk_, vb. formed from _gowk_ (?).
_jo_.
O.N. _jo_ before _r_ > _a_ in _starn_ (O.N. _stjorn_).
_jo > ei_ in _leister_. Appears as _i_ in the N. Sco.
word _shiel_.
_ju_.
O.N. _ju_ > _ū_ in _stroop_.
_ju_ > _i_ in _skyle_.
(b) THE OLD NORTHERN CONSONANTS.
_b_.
O.N. _b_ regularly remains _b_.
Is lost after _m_ in _gylmyr_.
_b_ > _p_ initially _pirrye._
_d_.
O.N. _d_ regularly remains.
Is lost after _n_ in _hansell_.
An epenthetic _d_ appears after _n_ in _solande_,
_ythand_; after _l_ in _boldin_ and _rangeld_.
O.N. _ld_ > _ll_ in _caller_.
_g_.
O.N. _g_ regularly remains _g_ before guttural and
palatal vowels alike.
_g_ > _ȝ_ before a palatal vowel in _genȝeld_,
_yhemsel_.
O.N. _g_ disappears after _n_ in _titlene_.
_g_ > _ch_ in _bawch_, _lawch_.
On O.N. _a_ + _g_, _o_ + _g_, _e_ + _g_, see the
vowels.
_p_.
O.N. _p_ regularly remains _p_.
_p_ > _ph_ finally in _sumph_.
_t_.
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