“Allied or perhaps derivative figures may be seen in the pigmy or embryonic form of Ptah-Sokar-Osiris and its offshoots, and the Phoenician Pataecus (a parallel but variant type is seen in Bes), but there can be no question that the type seen on these early cylinders is the direct reflection of that which appears at a very early date upon those of Chaldea.” A. J. Evans, _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, 1897, p. 369. Footnote 90: See Pl. V, fig. 3. Footnote 91: See Pl. VI, figs. 1, 2, etc. Footnote 92: See Pl. VI, fig. 13. Footnote 93: See Pl. VI, figs. 2, 3, 4, etc. Footnote 94: See Pl. VI, figs. 1, 10, etc. Footnote 95: See Pl. VII, fig. 7. Footnote 96: See Pl. VIII, fig. 10. Footnote 97: See Pl. VIII, figs. 2, 3, etc. Footnote 98: See Pl. VIII, figs. 5, 6, etc. Footnote 99: See Pl. VII, figs. 8 and 9. Footnote 100: Garstang’s _Mahâsna_, p. 33. Footnote 101: Perhaps even earlier. Footnote 102: See Mace, in Petrie’s _Diospolis Parva_, p. 39, and _cf._ Garstang, _El Mahâsna_, pp. 33 and 34. Footnote 103: For specimens beyond those figured here, see Petrie, in the _Antiquary_, XXXII, p. 136, and Garstang, _El Mahâsna_, Pl. XXXIX. Footnote 104: See Arthur Evans, in the _Annual_ of the British School at Athens, No. VIII, p. 104. Footnote 105: _The Antiquary_, XXXII, p. 37. Footnote 106: “These stone buttons may eventually prove to have quite an exceptional interest in the history of Aegean art, as the direct progenitors of the lentoid beads so much affected by the Mycenaean engravers.” A. Evans, in _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, XIV, p. 335. Footnote 107: _Journal of Hellenic Studies_, XIV, p. 336. Footnote 108: The beetle, called in Egyptian _Kheper_, was the sacred emblem of the god who made all things out of clay. Footnote 109: Erman, _Zaubersprüche für Mutter und Kind_, p. 38. Footnote 110: P. 25. Footnote 111: This interpretation of the scarab was first given by Dr. Birch more than half a century ago, but has generally been lost sight of by archaeologists. Footnote 112: See later, p. 70, fig. 59. Footnote 113: Prof. Flinders Petrie believes that he can recognize, besides the true scarab, four other varieties of beetle: the _Artharsius_, _Copris_, _Gymnoplearus_ and _Hypselogenia_. Footnote 114: _Egyptian Decorative Art_, pp. 18 and 19. The spiral, it should be noted, is found on certain upright and squat prehistoric pots of the sequence dating 39-64, but these are always single, not conjoined or returning spirals. Footnote 115: _Proceedings_ of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, Vol. XXI, p. 148. Footnote 116: _Ibid._, Vol. XIX, p. 294. Footnote 117: A small detail of this ceiling (with wrong colouring) is published in Wilkinson’s _Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians_, Vol. I, Pl. VIII, fig. 7. Identically the same pattern occurs in a Twenty-sixth Dynasty tomb at Thebes.