Metres, modern, developed by Christian hymns, 239. Military power, decreases in later Empire, 119. _Minerval_ (fees), 115. Mnemonics, 90. Monasticism, rise of, in Gaul, 177. widespread educational influence of, 178. not yet organized by St. Benedict, 166, 181. Monks, trained in Arts of Capella, 188. appreciation of their work, 197. harsh discipline of, 193, 194. efficiency of, as teachers, 196. educated chiefly at Lérins and Marseilles in fifth century, 179. manual labour of, 193, 194. attitude of, to Rhetoric, 162 ff. Music, work of Augustine on, 237. ecclesiastical, 237. among the Goths, 23. mentioned in school exercises, 73. frivolous nature of, at Rome, 237. _N._ Narration, διήγημα (rhetoric), 73. Nationalism in Roman Empire, 18, 19, 219. Neoplatonism, 192. Newspapers, professors used instead of, 140. Notarii, (pagan), 59; (Christian), 185. Number of pupils at Bordeaux, 105. _O._ _Oblati_, 181. Organization, of pagan schools, 102; of Christian schools, 182. Oxford, compared with Bordeaux University, 135. _P._ Paedagogus, 52. protects child from evil influences, 53. Paganism, artificiality of, 160, 251-4. Paganism, attitude of Christians towards, 42 ff., 169 ff. bitterness of, 170 ff. neglects elementary education, 175. neglects education of lower classes, 124 ff. persists in holidays, 110. persists in rhetorical tradition, 162 ff. how Christianity supplemented, 175, 191, 195. Palladia, name for Toulouse, 34. Panegyric, archaism of, 254. one of teacher’s duties, 141. historical value of, 33 note. imperial use of, 146. merits of, 251. servility of, 146 ff. Panegyrists, genuinely grateful to Emperor, 142. hysterically loud in his praise, 146 ff. Greek learning of, 221. Patriotism, inculcated by history, 218. Pelagianism, 192. Philology, 62, 189. Philosophy, of Ausonius, 81. Christian, 191 ff. of Claudianus Mamertus, 192, 193. of history, 217. in grammarian’s school, 79, 203. among _litterati_ of Gaul, 79 ff. connected with natural sciences, 80. neglect of, 81. Jung’s theory to account for neglect of, 81, 82. influence of Pythagoras on, 193. Physicians, State-paid, 88. Πιθανότης (rhetoric), 73. Plato, how regarded by Christians, 80, 193. Platonic club, 80, 112. Play, 97 ff. Poetry, in pagan schools, 56, 57, 68, 69. in Christian schools, 169, 188, 206. Poor scholars, support of, 138. Pottery, 31. Praefectus Galliarum, Ausonius becomes, 119. Praise, ἐγκώμιον (rhetoric), 76. Prescriptions, book of, by Marcellus Empiricus, 88. Primus magister (_litterator_), 104, 105. _Progymnasmata_, 72 ff. _Proscholus_, 105.