Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
History
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
In another corner, it may be, there will be teams practising together.
A regiment of epheboi may be undergoing their gymnastic training
before service on the frontier:[425] or a team of them may be
training, watched by the rich “gumnasiarchos,” for the torch-race at
the festival of Hephaistos, or for the race from the Temple of
Dionusos to that of Athena of the Sunshades, where the winner will
receive a large bowl containing wine and honey and cheese and meat and
olive oil――not all mixed together, let us hope.[426] There may also be
teams practising wrestling and other bodily exercises together. Their
trainer, “thinking it impossible to lay down separate regulations for
each individual, orders roughly what suits the majority. So every one
of the team takes an equal amount of exercise, and they all start and
all stop running, or wrestling, or whatever it may be, at the same
moment.”[427]
In the larger open spaces we shall find Athenians throwing the diskos,
like Muron’s celebrated figure, or practising archery, or flinging the
spear or javelin. In watching these care must be exercised: unwary
spectators may be killed or injured. Mythology is full of unfortunates
killed in this way. Was not the fair Huakinthos slain by Apollo’s
quoit? Antiphon, too, in his new book on speech-writing, takes as one
of his themes a boy killed by a comrade’s javelin accidentally. We can
also take a lesson in the use of spear and shield from the teacher of
arms: a pair of Sophists, who specialise in this subject, have just
come to Athens, and will doubtless be exhibiting their skill here. We
remember, though, that the warlike Spartans ridicule these professors,
and General Laches regards them as quite useless for military
purposes, as we heard him telling Sokrates the other day.[428] So we
will pass on.
The vast majority of people in the gymnasium confine themselves to
walking about. The colonnades and the gardens are convenient and
attractive, and there is plenty to watch everywhere. The “xustos,” or
covered cloister,[429] where athletes exercise in bad weather, is
particularly popular among the walkers. And while they walk, they
talk. There is a group of philosophical students arguing about the
Supreme Good or constructing an ideal State. There is a party of
inquirers who are discussing the nature of plants, or the varieties of
crustaceans. Yonder, a half-naked, unkempt enthusiast is declaiming
against luxury. “Man,” he cries, “is independent of circumstances.”
Everywhere, walkers and spectators and talkers, but walkers above all.
For the average Athenian spent all his time upon his legs: to sit down
was the mark of a slave.[430] He walked nearly all day: the distance
which he covered in five or six days would easily stretch from Athens
to Olympia. He took a walk before breakfast, another before lunch,
another before dinner, and another between dinner and bed.[431]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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