Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
History
Schools of Hellas: An Essay on the Practice and Theory of Ancient Greek Education from 600 to 300 B. C.
Freeman, Kenneth J. (Kenneth John)
Education, Greek
The modern reader finds it very hard to realise why Hellenic
philosophers attach so much educational importance to the various
kinds of dance. This is because modern dancing differs from its
ancient prototype in two very important particulars: it is not
connected with religion and it is not dramatic. In the East dancing
was, and is, the language of religion. David, to show his fervour,
danced before the Ark with all his might. In Hellas, dancing
accompanied every rite and every mystery.[440] The choral dance
afforded the outlet to religious enthusiasm which elsewhere is
provided by services: any change in its characteristics was a change
in ritual and in the inexpressible sentiments and moral attitudes
which become so closely bound up with habitual religious observances.
And, since it was the usual ritual of worship, dancing became
all-important in education, as providing the forms through which the
highest aspirations of the children were accustomed to find
expression.
The boy who danced in honour of Dionusos was trying to assimilate
himself to the god, whose history and personality would be brought
home to him vividly by the vineyards around him: they would serve him
for a parable. The vine that came so mysteriously out of the earth,
lived its short life in the rain and sunshine, and was crushed and
killed at the harvest, to rise again in the strange juice which
thrilled him with such wondrous power――there was plenty of parable for
him there. And while he felt the god’s history so vividly, he was
acting it, for acting was the very essence of Hellenic dancing. He
would act the sorrows of Dionusos, his persecution from city to city,
and his final conquest; he would match each incident in the story with
suitable inward feelings and outward gestures of sorrow and triumph.
Thus his dancing came to be a keenly religious observance, accompanied
by more vivid acting than is possible on a modern stage; such dancing,
it must be remembered, was the parent of Attic Drama. The dramatic
power of such acting became enormous; one dancer, it is said, could
make the whole philosophic system of Pythagoras intelligible without
speaking a word, simply by his gestures and attitudes.[441]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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