[54] Xen. _Constit. of Lak._ ii. 4. [55] Paus. iii. 14. 2. [56] Xen. _Constit. of Lak._ iv. [57] Hesychius, Φούαξιρ [Phouaxir]. [58] Paus. iii. 16. 11. [59] Plut. _Lukourgos_, 18; Cicero, _Tusc. Disp._ v. 27. [60] Böckh, 1364. [61] Pindar, _Frag. Hyporch._ 8 Λάκαινα παρθένων ἀγέλα [Lakaina parthenôn agela]. [62] Xen. _Constit. of Lak._ i. 4. [63] Cicero, _Tusc. Disp._ ii. 15. [64] Plut. _Lukourgos_, 14. [65] Whence they were called φαινομήριδες [phainomêrides]. This chiton may be seen in the conventional statues of Artemis. [66] Theok. _Idyll_ 18. 23. [67] _Laws_, 806 A. [68] _Lusistrata_, l. 80 onwards. In the play Lampito is married. Aristophanes has either made a mistake or the gymnastics are meant to be in the past only. [69] The ὄρμος [ormos] dance. Compare the dance at the end of the _Lusistrata_, where “man stands by woman, and woman by man.” [70] Lucian, _Dancing_, 274. [71] Xen. _Hellen._ vi. 4. 16. [72] Xen. _Ag._ ii. 17. [73] Athen. 630 a. [74] Athen. 678 b. [75] Plato, _Laws_, 666 D. [76] _Laws_, 634-635. [77] Xen. _Constit. of Lak._ ix. 5. [78] Aristot. _Pol._ ii. 10. 8. [79] Additional revenues for the same objects were derived from the taxes paid by Perioikoi and serfs (Athen. 143 a, b). [80] Plato, _Laws_, 781 A. [81] Historians quoted by Athen. 143 e. [82] _Ibid._ [83] Strabo, x. 4. 483 (on authority of Ephoros), and Herakleides Pont. iii. (who provide most of the details about Crete). [84] Aelian, _True History_, ii. 39. [85] Strabo, x. 4. 480. [86] Sosikrates (in Athen. 261 e), speaking of Phaistos. [87] Hesychius, ἀπάγελος [apagelos]. [88] ἐκδύσια [ekdysia], Antoninus Liberalis, 18. [89] Mahaffy, p. 81; Grasberger, iii. 61. [90] Eustathius on _Il._ ix. 518. [91] Herakl. Pont. iii. 3. [92] Persaeus _ap._ Athen. 140 f. [93] Dicaearchus _ap._ Athen. 141 a. [94] Sphaerus _ap._ Athen. 141 c, d.; and Molpis, _ibid._ [95] Polemon _ap._ Athen. 56 a, and 138-139. [96] Cp. the crèche temples in Plato’s _Laws_, 794 A. [97] Demetrius of Scepsis (_ap._ Athen. 141 e). CHAPTER II ATHENS AND THE REST OF HELLAS: GENERAL INTRODUCTION