Science and poetryRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
History
Science and poetry
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism; Poetry
The interests must come into play and remain in play with as little
conflict among themselves as possible. In other words, the experience
must be organized so as to give all the impulses of which it is
composed the greatest possible degree of freedom.[3]
It is in this respect that people differ most from one another. It
is this which separates the good life from the bad. Far more life
is wasted through muddled mental organization than through lack of
opportunity. Conflicts between different impulses are the greatest
evils which afflict mankind.
The best life then which we can wish for our friend will be one in
which as much as possible of himself is engaged (as many of his
impulses as possible). And this with as little conflict, as little
mutual interference between different sub-systems of his activities
as there can be. The more he lives and the less he thwarts himself
the better. That briefly is our answer as psychologists, as outside
observers abstractly describing the state of affairs. And if it is
asked, what does such life feel like, how is it to live through? the
answer is that it feels like and is the experience of poetry.
There are two ways in which conflict can be avoided or overcome. By
conquest and by conciliation. One or other of the contesting impulses
can be suppressed, or they can come to a mutual arrangement, they
can adjust themselves to one another. We owe to psycho-analysis--at
present still a rather undisciplined branch of psychology--a great
deal of striking evidence as to the extreme difficulty of suppressing
any vigorous impulse. When it seems to be suppressed it is often found
to be really as active as ever, but in some other form, generally
a troublesome one. Persistent mental imbalances are the source of
nearly all our troubles. For this reason, as well as for the simpler
reason that suppression is wasteful of life, conciliation is always
to be preferred to conquest. People who are always winning victories
over themselves might equally well be described as always enslaving
themselves. Their lives become unnecessarily narrow. The minds of many
saints have been like wells, they should have been like lakes or like
the sea.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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