Science and poetryRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
History
Science and poetry
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism; Poetry
Consider an hour of any person’s life. It holds out innumerable
possibilities. Which of these are realized depends upon two main
groups of factors:--the external situation in which he is living, his
surroundings, including the other people with whom he is in contact;
and, secondly, his psychological make-up. The first of these, the
external situation, is sometimes given too much importance. We have
only to notice what very different experiences different people undergo
when in closely similar situations to recognize this fact. A situation
which is dulness itself for one may be full of excitement for another.
What an individual responds to is not the whole situation but a
selection from it, and as a rule few people make the same selection.
What is selected is decided by the organization of the individual’s
interests.
Now let us simplify the case by supposing that nothing which happens
during this hour is going to have any further consequences either in
our hypothetical person’s life or in anyone else’s. He is going to
cease to exist when the clock strikes--but for our purposes he must be
imagined not to know this--and no one is to be a whit the better or
worse whatever he thinks, feels or does during the hour. What shall we
say it would be best for him, if he could, to do?
We need not bother to imagine the detail of the external situation
or the character of the man. We can answer our question in general
terms without doing so. The man has a certain definite instinctive
make-up--the result of his past history, including his heredity. There
will be many things which he cannot do which another man could, and
many things which he cannot do in this situation, whatever it is, which
he could do in other situations. But given this particular man in this
particular situation, our question is, which of the possibilities open
to him would be better than which others? How would we as friendly
observers like to see him living?
Setting pain aside, we may perhaps agree that torpor would be the
worst choice. Complete inertness, lifelessness, would be the sorriest
spectacle--anticipating too nearly and unnecessarily what is to happen
when the hour strikes. We can then perhaps agree, though here more
resistance from preconceived ideas may be encountered, that the best
choice would be the opposite of torpor, that is to say, the fullest,
keenest, most active and completest kind of life.
Such a life is one which brings into play as many as possible of the
_positive_ interests. We can leave out the negative interests. It would
be a pity for our friend to be frightened or disgusted even for a
minute of his precious hour.
But this is not all. It is not enough that many interests should be
stirred. There is a more important point to be noted.
The Gods approve
The depth and not the tumult of the soul.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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