Science and poetryRichards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
History
Science and poetry
Richards, I. A. (Ivor Armstrong)
English poetry -- 20th century -- History and criticism; Poetry
The result is a biological crisis which is not likely to be decided
without trouble. It is one which we can, perhaps, decide for ourselves,
partly by thinking, partly by reorganizing our minds in other ways; if
we do not it may be decided for us, not in the way we should choose.
While it lasts it puts a strain on each individual and upon society,
which is part of the explanation of many modern difficulties, the
difficulties of the poet in particular, to come back to our present
subject. I have not really been far away.
VI. Poetry and Beliefs
The business of the poet, as we have seen, is to give order and
coherence, and so freedom, to a body of experience. To do so through
words which act as its skeleton, as a structure by which the impulses
which make up the experience are adjusted to one another, and act
together. The means by which words do this are many and varied. To work
them out is a problem for psychology. A beginning has been indicated
above, but only a beginning. What little can be done shows already that
most critical dogmas of the past are either false or nonsense. A little
knowledge is not here a danger, but clears the air in a remarkable way.
Roughly and inadequately, even in the light of our present knowledge,
we can say that words work in the poem in two main fashions. As sensory
stimuli and as (in the _widest_ sense) symbols. We must refrain from
considering the sensory side of the poem, remarking only that it is
_not_ in the least independent of the other side, and that it has for
definite reasons prior importance in most poetry. We must confine
ourselves to the other function of words in the poem, or rather,
omitting much that is of secondary relevance, to one form of that
function, let me call it _pseudo-statement_.
It will be admitted--by those who distinguish between scientific
statement, where truth is ultimately a matter of verification as this
is understood in the laboratory, and emotive utterance, where ‘truth’
is primarily acceptability _by_ some attitude, and more remotely is the
acceptability _of_ this attitude itself--that it is _not_ the poet’s
business to make true statements. Yet poetry has constantly the air of
making statements, and important ones; which is one reason why some
mathematicians cannot read it. They find the alleged statements to be
_false_. It will be agreed that their approach to poetry and their
expectations from it are mistaken. But what exactly is the other,
the right, the poetic, approach and how does it differ from the
mathematical?
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