Science and Practice in Farm CultivationBuckman, James
Science
Science and Practice in Farm Cultivation
Buckman, James
Agriculture
Is there not, then, a heavy responsibility resting upon the farmer in
especial connection with cider, while his men are partially paid in this
fluid? It is different in the beer-drinking counties, as beer costs more
money, and is never allowed in such quantity as cider. Put it down as
true that the farmer _at times_ gets more work out of his men by plying
them with cider, yet we feel sure he thereby hastens the time when such
men can no longer work, and they have then to be chargeable to the
parish, if in the mean time nothing worse should happen.
Mechanics are not paid in drink; they purchase what they require out of
regular wages, and thus they have the option, which many of them take
advantage of, of leaving off strong drink altogether; and though they
too are sometimes hard pressed to get a piece of work done, yet, by
over-hours, for which they are rightly paid, not, as in the country,
wholly by cider, but in money, the business is managed, and the workman
can afford extra meat and bread, by which his worn muscles are truly
renovated, and not merely stimulated to frantic action as by drink. The
great rise in the price of meat, even before cattle disease became rife,
is due to the cause that so much more meat has, within the last five
years, been eaten by the British workman. In this advance, however, the
farm labourer has had no part; he rarely gets meat twice a week, while
all this time his wages have advanced so much as 25 _per cent._, which
rise, in nine cases out of ten, is only looked upon as a boon, inasmuch
as it enables the recipient to “enjoy himself,” which simply means he
has more to spend at the public-house.
We conclude, as the result of experience, that each sack of corn that
finds its way to market from a cider county costs 1s. (or 3d. per
bushel) in drink, which, though it is produced on the farm, might yet
have been sold to produce that amount.
Would it then not be better to sell such farm produce, and, by giving
extra money instead of drink to the labourers, and so, by allowing him
the option of taking less drink but more meat, gradually to withdraw him
from the temptations to get drunk, which beset him under the present
system? For, while we feel quite sure that the morbid craving for the
public-house has commenced with drinking on the farm, we may be certain
that if by any means we can check this system, it will ultimately be a
great gain to both master and man.
Where are farm labourers best off? We say in the non-cider counties. In
these he has learnt the use of skim-milk and the value of meat. In cider
counties the farm labourer despises skim-milk as “poor weak tack, only
fit for pigs.” He cannot get meat, as he takes part of his wage in a
stimulant which excites him to spend some of his money in falsely
“_keeping up his strength_.”
Now what are the results? We unhesitatingly assert, muscle, longevity,
more robust, honest, well-to-do families, healthier bodies and minds,
beyond the cider limits.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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