Scientific American, September 29, 1883 Supplement. No. 404Various
Science
Scientific American, September 29, 1883 Supplement. No. 404
Various
Science -- Periodicals
These partial photographs are also useful in the analysis of rapid
movements, because they allow of the number of attitudes represented
being multiplied. At the same time, as a man's leg is rather large,
its reproduction cannot be multiplied very often, owing to confusion
by superposition. I have therefore sought to diminish the size of the
images, so as to an admit of repetition at very short intervals. The
method consists in attiring a walker in a black costume having narrow
bands of bright metal applied down the length of the leg, thigh, and
arm, following exactly the direction of the bones of the limbs. This
plan permits the number of images formerly produced to be increased at
least tenfold; thus, instead of ten photographs per second, one hundred
may be taken. To do this it is not necessary to change the speed of
rotation of the disk, but instead of piercing it with one aperture, ten
holes are made equally disposed around the circumference.[3]
[Illustration]
The figure here shown is from one of the negatives projected on the
screen from the lantern. The dotted lines have been filled in to form
direct lines. The figure shows the successive phases of one step in
running. Only the left leg is represented; the lines correspond to the
thigh, leg, and foot; the dots to the joints at the ankle, knee, and
hip.
This diagram shows pretty clearly the alterations of flexion and
extension of the leg on the thigh, the undulating trajectories of the
foot, knee, and hip, and yet the number of images does not exceed
sixty in a second. A revolving shutter pierced with more holes would
give more perfectly the angular displacements of the leg on the thigh,
and the positions of the three joints. The finer the dotted lines
expressing the direction of the limbs, the more the images may be
multiplied; but in the present case, sixty times in a second more than
suffice to show the displacements of the limbs when running.
In this photographic analysis the two factors of movements--time and
space--cannot be both estimated perfectly; knowledge of the positions
the body has occupied in space requires that one should possess
complete and distinct images; in order to obtain such images, a
sufficiently long space of time must elapse between the two successive
photographs. If, on the contrary, it is desirable to estimate time
more perfectly, the frequency of recurrence of the image must be
greatly increased. To bring these two exigencies as closely together as
possible, lines and points must be chosen for the partial photographs
which best show the successive attitudes of the body.
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