Scientific American Supplement, No. 1157, March 5, 1898Various
Science
Scientific American Supplement, No. 1157, March 5, 1898
Various
Science -- Periodicals
Each tribe had its own habitat, its own customs, its own mythology and
its own history. The effect of scenery must be considered, if we are
to understand the peculiarities which mark the different tribes. Some
imagine that the Indians are all alike, that they are all cruel
savages, all given to drunkenness and degradation and only waiting
their opportunity to wreak their vengeance upon helpless women and
children. Those who know them, however, are impressed with the great
variety which is manifest among them, and are especially convinced
that much of this comes from the scenery amid which they have lived.
The Eastern tribes may have had considerable sameness, yet the
Algonquins, who were the prairie Indians, and the Iroquois, who dwelt
in the forest and amid the lakes of New York, differed from one
another in almost every respect, and the Sioux and Dakotas, who were
also prairie Indians, differed from both of these. They were great
warriors and great hunters, but had a system of religion which
differed from that of any other tribe.
The Sioux were cradled amid the mountains of the East, and bear the
same stamp of their native scenery. They resemble the Iroquois in many
respects. The same is true of the Cherokees, who were allied to the
Iroquois in race and language. They were always mountain Indians; but
the Southern tribes were very different from either. They were a
people who were well advanced in civilization so far as the term can
be applied to the aborigines. Their skulls are without angles and
differ greatly from the keel-shaped skulls. They were dolichocephalic
rather than kumbocephalic. They resemble the Polynesians, while the
northern tribes resembled the Mongolians. Whatever their original home
was, their adopted habitat was in accord with their tastes and
character. It did not change them but rather made their traits more
permanent and stable.
The tribes of the northwest coast were seafarers; they inhabited the
forest and worshiped the animals which were peculiar to the forest and
took as their totems the eagle, wolf and raven, but they drew their
subsistence in great part from the sea. They worshiped the animals of
the seas, such as the shark, the whale and the sculpin. Their skill
and courage as navigators have never been equaled. Taking their
families and the few articles of commerce gathered from the forest
they entered the symmetrical and beautifully carved canoes and
breasted the storms and waves of the great sea near which they lived.
There was a wildness in the waves which just suited them. The sea
brought out the best traits and developed the heroic character. They
were the "sea kings" of the Northwest. They were great navigators and
great hero worshipers.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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