Six horses were also examined, of which one had normal sight, three were hypermetropic and astigmatic, and two had a slight degree of astigmatism. They also examined other animals, and the same proportion of hypermetropia existed. These gentlemen found that as an optical instrument the eye of the horse, cow, cat and rabbit is superior to that of the rat, mouse and guinea pig. I have for the last five years devoted considerable attention to the vision of the Indian children who are pupils at two institutions in this city. I have at various times made careful records of each individual pupil and have from time to time compared them. Up to the present there is a growing tendency toward myopia or short sightedness, i.e., more pupils from year to year require near sighted glasses. The natural condition of their eyes is far sighted and the demands upon them are producing many nervous or reflex symptoms, pain over the frontal region and headaches. A good illustration of the latter trouble is showing itself in a young Indian boy, who is at present undergoing an examination of his vision as a probable cause for his headaches. This boy is studying music; one year ago he practiced two hours daily on the piano and studied from three to five hours besides. This year his work has been increased; he is now troubled with severe headaches, and after continued near work for some time letters become blurred and run together. This boy is far sighted and astigmatic; glasses will correct his defect, and it will be interesting to note whether his eyes will eventually grow into near sighted ones. I have several cases where the defective vision has been due entirely to other causes, such as inflammation of the cornea, weakening this part of the eye, and the effect in trying to see producing an elongation of the anterior portion of the eyeball, and this in turn producing myopia. The eye of the Indian does not differ materially from that of any deeply pigmented race. The eyeball is smaller than in the Caucasian, but when we examine the interior we find the same distribution of the blood vessels and same shape of the optic nerves. The pigment deposit in the choroid is excessive and gives, as a background to the retina, a beautiful silvery sheen when examined with the ophthalmoscope. One thing which I noticed particularly was the absence of this excessive deposit of pigment and absence of this watered silk appearance in the half breeds, they taking after the white race. Many of the intraocular diseases common among the white children were also absent, especially those diseases which are the result of near work.