San Vicente of Avila (Plate 13) is another admirable example of the
Romanesque churches. The nave, with its triforium and clerestory, is in
a pure Romanesque style; while the transept, choir, and three
semicircular apses are in the Transition style. Though the building was
begun in the twelfth century it was not finished until three hundred
years later, and for this reason it shows a more advanced art. M. Marcel
Dieulafoy holds it to be “the most beautiful specimen and the purest
example of Burgundian architecture in Spain.” The west portal (Plate 14)
is decorated with admirable statuettes in terra-cotta, unfortunately
much mutilated, whose style recalls that of St. Landre of Avallon. Very
curious are the heads of bulls, decorating the base of the pilaster by
which the tympanum is sustained. Here the analogy with the bicephalous
capitals of the Achemenide is very marked.
Romanesque churches are found in other provinces of Spain. One of the
most ancient is San Pedro of Huesca, which was begun in the eleventh
century and consecrated in 1241. The church is roofed with barrel
vaulting, and terminates in three semicircular apses. It contains many
sculptures characteristic of this period.
The cloisters of the Cathedral of Gerona, and those of the Monastery of
Santo Domingo at Silos, and of San Pedro, and the churches of Santa
Maria and Santiago at Corunna, are additional examples of the same
style.
The Cathedral of Zamora (Plate 15) is a more important edifice. This
ancient city had in succession two French archbishops--Bernard and
Jerome de Perigneaux. It is probable that the church was erected during
the episcopate of Jerome, who died in 1126. It was consecrated in 1174,
as is now known from that date discovered in an old epitaph during the
restoration in the eighteenth century. This makes impossible the old
belief that the church was built by Bernard de Perigneaux. M. Marcel
Dieulafoy believes that it is the work of an Aquitaine architect. Both
the exterior of the building, with its square tower, graceful cupolas,
richly decorated, and the interior are interesting, with a character
very rare in Spain. Of the carvings of this church M. Marcel Dieulafoy
writes: “From the sculptural point of view I would signalise in the
portal, the corinthian columns and niches, which both seem to come down
from a monument of the decadence of the Roman age. One will notably
remark the busts, bezel set in a sort of window, which has been seen in
the monuments of Roman Gaul, on the northern slope of the Pyrenees, and
which became a most common feature in the architecture of the Spanish
renaissance; also the laurelled flying-arch, and the bas-relief of the
spandril which crowns the busts.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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