The ancient Convent of San Marcos at Leon is another church which has
retained its ancient treasures; among them are several polychromes.
These do not seem to have been repainted. Unfortunately half of the
precious collection has been stolen: those that remain are now in the
Museum at Leon. The figures are carved in wood, and the head, hands, and
nude parts are coloured. The vestments, made of cloth, hardened by
means of a glaze, are also coloured, the tints used being very
harmonious. There is also a carved triptych in wood of the same date,
but the carving of the figures is not so good and the colours used are
cruder. The statue of San Francisco (Plate 31) belongs to a later date.
It is a most interesting polychrome, with splendid character in the
rendering of the head. In the Cathedral of Leon are various statues
which belong to the same period, while in the cloisters is an
interesting bas-relief, Our Lady del Foro and the Offering of the Kings
(Plate 33).
Some fine carvings, in the French style, come from the Portenda de San
Miguel, Estella. This style of carving spread over the whole of Spain,
and additional examples may be seen in the Cathedral of Sangüesa, in two
interesting and little-known churches at Olete, in the Cathedral of
Basque Vittoria, and in the old churches of Leon and Valencia.
Statues on tombs are very numerous, and we find them in almost every
church. At first the figures are rudely carved, the skill of the artist
being expended on the frames, and the cast of the features being largely
a convention. Indeed these early monumental figures cannot be regarded
as portraits. Among the first examples are the figures on the royal
monument at Najera, erected by Sancho III. 1157. Here the figures are
mere puppets. Another early tomb is that in the Convent of Las Huelgas,
Burgos (Plate 34). Even the sarcophagus of St. Eulalia, at Barcelona, of
as late a date as 1327, with its Pisan reminiscences, shows how easily
art was sometimes satisfied at this period.
But there are some really fine tombs belonging to the Romanesque period.
The Church of the Magdalena--formerly of the Templars--at Zamora
contains two knights’ tombs, one of which M. Marcel Dieulafoy considers
the finest Romanesque tomb in Spain. The figure, just expired and
resting on the death-bed, is placed beneath a portico of twin
balustrades which crown the structure. Fantastic animals are carved on
the spandrils, and the columns and capitals are richly decorated. The
couch stands against a wall, on which are sculptured seraphs, while two
angels bear away to Paradise the materialised soul of the dead man
wrapped in a winding-sheet. This device is common in Spain, where there
are many tombs of the same character, but, writes M. Marcel Dieulafoy,
“I do not know of one where the decorative sculpture is rendered more
boldly or with greater talent.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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