The colourisation of the screen, like most marble and alabaster
monuments, has suffered from repeated and careless washings. But the
carvings preserve everywhere vestiges of paint and gilt, so that it is
possible to reconstruct the scheme of colour. This is curious--generally
blue and gold, with only a few touches of red and brown, which M. Marcel
Dieulafoy suggests may be due to the artist’s desire to surround St.
Tecla by the virginal and holy atmosphere which would be suggested by
this manifold and unusual use of blue tones. This realisation of the
spiritual expression of a legend is very characteristic of Spain, whose
artists possessed as their greatest gift the power of rendering a story
just as they felt it had happened.
We owe the Tarragona altar-screen to a native Catalan artist. It was
begun in 1426 by Pedro Juan de Vallfongona, who executed the bas-reliefs
and statues of the first two stages, while at the same time the artist
Guillermo de la Monta worked on the architecture and ornaments. But in
1436 Pedro Juan, gaining favour from the beauty of his work, was called
to execute an altar for Zaragoza Cathedral, after which he only retained
a sort of inspectorship over the work at Tarragona, which was finished
by Guillermo de la Monta.
Pedro Juan worked on the Zaragoza altar-screen until his death in 1447,
aided by Pedro Garces, Guillermo Monta, and Pedro Navarro. For some
reason the work was suspended for twenty-six years, when, on account of
the great age of the original collaborators, it was entrusted to Gil
Morlau, with Gabriel Gombao to aid him in the inferior parts. Finally
the screen was completed and gilded and painted in 1480.
The altar-screen of Zaragoza has some fine bas-reliefs; the most
important is that of the centre, which shows the Adoration of the Magi.
The Virgin, seated, presents her Babe to the Kings, figures of vigorous
life and great dignity, who bend in worship as they offer their gifts;
behind, a group of figures represent a crowd of onlookers. On either
side of this central composition are bas-reliefs representing scenes in
the Transfiguration, lives of the Virgin, and Ascension of Christ: these
are the work of Pedro Juan.
Another important retablo, which follows in date the work of Pedro Juan,
is that in the Capilla de Santiago (Plate 56) in the Cathedral of
Toledo. It is made of larch wood, and carved, gilded, and painted in the
richest Gothic style. The bas-reliefs represent scenes in the New
Testament; all the figures are life size. We owe this work to the
artists Sancho de Zamora, Juan de Segovia, and Pedro Gumiel, and it was
begun at the end of the fifteenth century. In the same chapel at Toledo
are the six magnificent Gothic tombs of Don Álvaro de Luna, the work of
Pablo Ortiz, one of the most famous carvers in the fifteenth century
(Plate 58). Another interesting altar-screen is that in the Capilla de
la Trinidad (Plate 59).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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