The creative power displayed in these retablos is often surprising. But
it must be admitted that their general effect is less satisfactory than
an examination of the parts in detail would lead us to expect. The
artists would often seem to have been hampered by the huge size they had
to ornament. Continuing the accustomed forms, evolved for use in screens
of more modest dimensions, they have gained the desired amplitude of
ornament by a multiplication of the same forms that is often wearying.
But granting this, it is among these works that many important and
beautiful statues will be found. For this reason they cannot be
overlooked by the student of Spanish polychromes.
No altar-screen in Spain is more beautiful or more worthy of study than
the one in the Capilla Mayor of Tarragona Cathedral. It illustrates the
life of St. Tecla, the disciple of St. Paul, and the tutelary saint of
Tarragona, who was martyred, according to legend, on this spot. We read
the story in the delightful _Légende Dorée_ of Jaques de Voragine:--
“St. Paul was seized and conveyed to prison, whither his disciple Tecla
followed him. The apostle and the maiden were judged together, and
together condemned: he to be beaten with rods and driven from the city,
she to be burned alive. She threw herself joyously on to the pyre, but
immediately a heavy shower of rain fell from the sky and extinguished
the flames; also a great earthquake occurred, in which perished a great
number of pagans. By this means Tecla was enabled to escape. She took
refuge in the house where St. Paul was living, and was overjoyed to meet
the inspirer of her conversion. She wished to cut her hair and travel
with him, disguised as a man. But this the apostle would not permit, for
she had great beauty.”
In the Tarragona screen charming pinnacles crown a bas-relief
representing the Virgin and her Child, to the right and left of which
stand St. Paul and St. Tecla, figures of heroic size, who regard the
group with pious emotion. Beside them are bas-reliefs, most minutely
executed, representing scenes in the saint’s life. In one we see her as
described by Voragine, with serene face, her body nude, and praying in
the midst of the flames which envelop without burning her. Angels
encourage and sustain her, while below are seen the grinning heads of
the damned. In another scene the saint is surrounded by reptiles and
wild beasts in the cave into which she was thrown; and in yet another
she stands beside a bull, destined to drag and crush her body among the
stones of the road. Between the bas-reliefs are statues of prophets,
apostles, and saints; and on brackets, in the midst of foliage, repose
female saints with smiling faces. All the figures are carved with great
skill, and besides there is a wealth of detail--flowers, foliage,
animals, and insects--all of which are treated with surprising ability.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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