Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneuroses — John Shaqi
Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneurosesFreud, Sigmund
Science
Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneuroses
Freud, Sigmund
Hysteria; Neuroses; Psychoanalysis
We are unable to give anything new concerning the formation of the
predisposed hypnoid states. We presume that they often develop from
“reveries” very common to the normal for which, for example, the
feminine handwork offers so much opportunity. The questions why “the
pathological associations” formed in such states are so firm and why
they exert a stronger influence on the somatic processes than other
presentations, all fall together with the problem of the effectivity of
hypnotic suggestions in general. Our experiences in this matter do not
show us anything new, on the other hand they throw light on the
contradiction between the sentence “Hysteria is a psychosis” and the
fact that among hysterics one may meet persons of the clearest
intellects, the strongest wills, greatest principles, and of the
subtlest minds. In these cases such characteristics are only true for
the waking thought of the person, for in his hypnotic state he is
alienated just as we are in the dream. Yet, whereas our dream psychoses
do not influence our waking state, the products of hypnotic states
project as hysterical phenomena into the waking state.
IV.
Almost the same assertions that we have advanced in reference to the
continuous hysterical symptoms we may also repeat concerning hysterical
crises. As is known we have Charcot’s schematic description of the
“major” hysterical attack which when complete shows four phases: (1) The
epileptoid, (2) the grand movements, (3) the emotional—_attitudes
passionnelles_ (hallucinatory phase), and (4) the delirious. By
shortening or prolonging the attack and by isolating the individual
phases Charcot caused a succession of all those forms of the hysterical
attack which are really observed more frequently than the complete
_grande attaque_.
Our attempted explanation refers to the third phase, that is the
_attitudes passionnelles_. Wherever it is prominent it contains the
hallucinatory reproduction of a memory which was significant for the
hysterical onset. It is the memory of a grand trauma, the so called κατ’
ἐξοχὴν of traumatic hysteria or of a series of connected partial traumas
found at the basis of the common hysteria. Finally the attack may bring
back that occurrence which on account of its meeting with a moment of
special predisposition was raised to a trauma.
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