Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneurosesFreud, Sigmund
Science
Selected papers on hysteria and other psychoneuroses
Freud, Sigmund
Hysteria; Neuroses; Psychoanalysis
The subsummation of the etiological determinants in the woman, under the
aspect mentioned, does not afford any greater difficulties. The case of
the virginal fear is especially clear. Here the group of ideas with
which the somatic sexual excitement should combine are not as yet
sufficiently developed. In anesthetically newly married the anxiety
appears only if the first cohabitations awakened a sufficient amount of
somatic excitement. Where the local signs of such excitability (like
spontaneous feelings of excitement, desire to micturate, etc.) are
lacking, the anxiety, too, stays away. The case of ejaculatio precox or
coitus interruptus is explained similarly to that in the man by the fact
that the libido gradually disappears in the psychically ungratified act,
whereas the excitement thereby evoked is subcortically expended. The
formation of an estrangement between the somatic and psychic in the
discharge of the sexual excitement succeeds quicker in the woman than in
the man and is more difficult to remove. The case of widowhood or
voluntary abstinence, as well as the case of climacterium adjusts itself
in the woman as in the man, but in the case of abstinence there surely
is in addition the intentional repression of the sexual ideas, for an
abstinent woman struggling with temptation must often decide to suppress
it. The abhorrence perceived by an elderly woman during her menopause
against the immensely increased libido can have a similar effect.
The two etiological determinants mentioned last can also be classified
without any difficulty.
The tendency to anxiety of the masturbator who becomes neurasthenic is
explained by the fact that these persons so easily merge into the state
of abstinence after they have for long been accustomed to afford a
discharge, to be sure an incorrect one, for every little quantity of
somatic excitement. Finally the last case, the origin of anxiety
neurosis through a severe illness, overwork, exhaustive nursing, etc.,
in addition to the efficacy of coitus interruptus readily permits a free
interpretation. Through deviation the psyche becomes here insufficient
for the subjugation of the somatic sexual excitement, a task which
continuously devolves upon it. We know how deeply the libido can sink
under the same conditions, and we have here a nice example of a neurosis
which although not of a sexual etiology still evinces a sexual
mechanism.
The conception here developed represents the symptoms of anxiety
neurosis in a measure as a substitute for the omitted specific action to
the sexual excitement. As a further corroboration of this I recall that
also in normal coitus the excitement expends itself in respiratory
acceleration, palpitation, perspiration, congestion, etc. In the
corresponding attack of anxiety of our neurosis we have before us the
dyspnoea, the palpitation, etc., of the coitus in an isolated and
aggravated manner.
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