~John William Colenso~ (1814-83), Bishop of Natal, published a series of treatises on the _Pentateuch_, extending from 1862-1879, opposing the traditional views about the literal inspiration of the Scriptures and the actual historical character of the Mosaic story. Arnold's censorious criticism of the first volume of this work is entitled _The Bishop and the Philosopher_ (_Macmillan's Magazine_, January, 1863). As an example of the Bishop's cheap "arithmetical demonstrations" he describes him as presenting the case of Leviticus as follows: "'_If three priests have to eat 264 pigeons a day, how many must each priest eat?_' That disposes of Leviticus." The essay is devoted chiefly to contrasting Bishop Colenso's unedifying methods with those of the philosopher Spinoza. In passing, Arnold refers also to Dr. Stanley's _Sinai and Palestine_ (1856), quotations from which are characterized as "the refreshing spots" in the Bishop's volume. [50] It has been said I make it "a crime against literary criticism and the higher culture to attempt to inform the ignorant." Need I point out that the ignorant are not informed by being confirmed in a confusion? [Arnold.] PAGE 44 [51] Joubert's _Pensées_, ed. 1850, II, 102, titre 23, 54. [52] ~Arthur Penrhyn Stanley~ (1815-81), Dean of Westminster. He was the author of a _Life_ of (Thomas) _Arnold_, 1844. In university politics and in religious discussions he was a Liberal and the advocate of toleration and comprehension. [53] ~Frances Power Cobbe~ (1822-1904), a prominent English philanthropist and woman of letters. The quotation below is from _Broken Lights_ (1864), p. 134. Her _Religious Duty_ (1857), referred to on p. 46, is a book of religious and ethical instruction written from the Unitarian point of view. [54] ~Ernest Renan~ (1823-92), French philosopher and Orientalist. The _Vie de Jésus_ (1863), here referred to, was begun in Syria and is filled with the atmosphere of the East, but is a work of literary rather than of scholarly importance. PAGE 45 [55] ~David Friedrich Strauss~ (1808-74), German theologian and man of letters. The work referred to is the _Leben Jesu_ 1835. A popular edition was published in 1864. [56] From "Fleury (Preface) on the Gospel."--Arnold's _Note Book_. PAGE 46 [57] Cicero's _Att._ 16. 7. 3. [58] ~Coleridge's happy phrase~. Coleridge's _Confessions of an Inquiring Spirit_, letter 2. PAGE 49 [59] ~Luther's theory of grace~. The question concerning the "means of grace," i.e. whether the efficacy of the sacraments as channels of the divine grace is _ex opere operato_, or dependent on the faith of the recipient, was the chief subject of controversy between Catholics and Protestants during the period of the Reformation.