[75] "Then began he to call many things to remembrance,--all the lands which his valor conquered, and pleasant France, and the men of his lineage, and Charlemagne his liege lord who nourished him."--_Chanson de Roland_, III, 939-42.[Arnold.] [76] "So said she; they long since in Earth's soft arms were reposing, There, in their own dear land, their fatherland, Lacedæmon." _Iliad_, III, 243, 244 (translated by Dr. Hawtrey).[Arnold.] PAGE 64 [77] "Ah, unhappy pair, why gave we you to King Peleus, to a mortal? but ye are without old age, and immortal. Was it that with men born to misery ye might have sorrow?"--_Iliad_, XVII, 443-445.[Arnold.] [78] "Nay, and thou too, old man, in former days wast, as we hear, happy."--_Iliad_, XXIV, 543.[Arnold.] [79] "I wailed not, so of stone grew I within;--_they_ wailed."-- _Inferno_, XXXIII, 39, 40.[Arnold.] [80] "Of such sort hath God, thanked be His mercy, made me, that your misery toucheth me not, neither doth the flame of this fire strike me." --_Inferno_, II, 91-93.[Arnold.] [81] "In His will is our peace."--_Paradiso_, III, 85.[Arnold.] [82] _Henry IV_, part 2, III, i, 18-20. PAGE 65 [83] _Hamlet_, V, ii, 361-62. [84] _Paradise Lost_, I, 599-602. [85] _Ibid._, I, 108-9. [86] _Ibid._, IV, 271. PAGE 66 [87] _Poetics_, § 9. PAGE 67 [88] ~Provençal~, the language of southern France, from the southern French _oc_ instead of the northern _oïl_ for "yes." PAGE 68 [89] Dante acknowledges his debt to ~Latini~ (c. 1230-c. 1294), but the latter was probably not his tutor. He is the author of the _Tesoretto_, a heptasyllabic Italian poem, and the prose _Livres dou Trésor_, a sort of encyclopedia of medieval lore, written in French because that language "is more delightful and more widely known." [90] ~Christian of Troyes~. A French poet of the second half of the twelfth century, author of numerous narrative poems dealing with legends of the Round Table. The present quotation is from the _Cligés_, ll. 30-39. PAGE 69 [91] Chaucer's two favorite stanzas, the seven-line and eight-line stanzas in heroic verse, were imitated from Old French poetry. See B. ten Brink's _The Language and Meter of Chaucer_, 1901, pp. 353-57. [92] ~Wolfram von Eschenbach~. A medieval German poet, born in the end of the twelfth century. His best-known poem is the epic _Parzival_. PAGE 70 [93] From Dryden's _Preface to the Fables_, 1700. [94] The _Confessio Amantis_, the single English poem of ~John Gower~ (c. 1330-1408), was in existence in 1392-93. PAGE 71 [95] ~souded~. The French _soudé_, soldered, fixed fast.[Arnold.] From the _Prioress's Tale_, ed. Skeat, 1894, B. 1769. The line should read, "O martir, souded to virginitee." PAGE 73 [96] ~François Villon~, born in or near Paris in 1431, thief and poet. His best-known poems are his _ballades_. See R.L. Stevenson's essay.