[97] The name _Heaulmière_ is said to be derived from a headdress (helm) worn as a mark by courtesans. In Villon's ballad, a poor old creature of this class laments her days of youth and beauty. The last stanza of the ballad runs thus: "Ainsi le bon temps regretons Entre nous, pauvres vieilles sottes, Assises bas, à croppetons, Tout en ung tas comme pelottes; A petit feu de chenevottes Tost allumées, tost estainctes. Et jadis fusmes si mignottes! Ainsi en prend à maintz et maintes." "Thus amongst ourselves we regret the good time, poor silly old things, low-seated on our heels, all in a heap like so many balls; by a little fire of hemp-stalks, soon lighted, soon spent. And once we were such darlings! So fares it with many and many a one."[Arnold.] PAGE 74 [98] From _An Essay of Dramatic Poesy_, 1688. [99] A statement to this effect is made by Dryden in the _Preface to the Fables_. [100] From _Preface to the Fables_. PAGE 75 [101] See Wordsworth's _Essay, Supplementary to the Preface_, 1815, and Coleridge's _Biographia Literaria_. [102] _An Apology for Smectymnuus_, Prose Works, ed. 1843, III, 117-18. Milton was thirty-four years old at this time. PAGE 76 [103] The opening words of Dryden's _Postscript to the Reader_ in the translation of Virgil, 1697. PAGE 77 [104] The opening lines of _The Hind and the Panther_. [105] _Imitations of Horace_, Book II, Satire 2, ll. 143-44. PAGE 78 [106] From _On the Death of Robert Dundas, Esq._ PAGE 79 [107] ~Clarinda~. A name assumed by Mrs. Maclehose in her sentimental connection with Burns, who corresponded with her under the name of Sylvander. [108] Burns to Mr. Thomson, October 19, 1794. PAGE 80 [109] From _The Holy Fair_. PAGE 81 [110] From _Epistle: To a Young Friend_. [111] From _Address to the Unco' Quid, or the Rigidly Righteous_. [112] From _Epistle: To Dr. Blacklock_. [Footnote 4: See his _Memorabilia_.][Transcriber's note: The reference for this footnote is missing from the original text.] PAGE 83 [113] From _Winter: A Dirge_. PAGE 84 [114] From Shelley's _Prometheus Unbound_, III, iv, last line. [115] _Ibid._, II, v. LITERATURE AND SCIENCE PAGE 87 [116] Reprinted (considerably revised) from the _Nineteenth Century_, August, 1882, vol. XII, in _Discourses in America_, Macmillan & Co., 1885. It was the most popular of the three lectures given by Arnold during his visit to America in 1883-84. [117] Plato's _Republic_, 6. 495, _Dialogues_, ed. Jowett, 1875, vol. 3, p. 194. [118] ~working lawyer~. Plato's _Theoetetus,_ 172-73, _Dialogues_, IV, 231. PAGE 88 [119] ~majesty~. All editions read "majority." What Emerson said was "majesty," which is therefore substituted here. See Emerson's _Literary Ethics, Works_, Centenary ed., I, 179. PAGE 89