A very interesting piece of old English needle-point work is No. 80, a cap of Holy, or Hollie, work. A close réseau is worked by using a stitch very similar to buttonhole stitch, and the effect is of a texture very like the cambric it adorns. The pattern is made by missing stitches, forming small holes. Hollie lace was chiefly used to decorate infants' caps, etc., for baptism, and the pot with flower, reminiscent of the Annunciation, the Holy Dove, etc., were devices frequently introduced into the patterns. Collars of this work are mentioned in Queen Mary Stuart's inventories. Number 2, Plate 80, is a specimen of Limerick run lace. Three pieces of Irish needle-lace, Nos. 1 and 2 of Plate 81, are praiseworthy as very early specimens of this industry. The designs are nondescript, but many of the stitches are well executed. A bobbin-made tape is introduced in No. 1. No. 3 is the so-called Carrickmacross lace; a muslin and machine net foundation is neatly outlined by fine whipped stitches; and buttonhole-stitch brides picotées are used to join the patterns after the background is cut away. This lace was first made after the famine of 1846. BOBBIN-MADE LACE The earliest bobbin lace was made by using the same threads for the whole of the lace, thus, when the pattern had been pricked out and the requisite number of bobbins charged with thread, the plaiting and twisting the threads into lace was begun. The starlike effect in the old Malta laces was very simply made by taking fourteen bobbins to work a strip of the required length; this was then joined up as required into a pattern of more or less regular and starlike form, partly, no doubt, to imitate the older geometric designs. The same bobbins were used throughout. _See_ Plate 83. The same style of making is more beautifully carried out in the two patterns of Plate 84. The lace in No. 1 is unfortunately very much worn, but the way the bobbin-made strip is arranged to make flowerlike forms is very ingenious; the ground is completely covered and yet nothing is awkward or crowded. No. 2 is also a very fine example of this simple bobbin work. I consider both to be early Venetian. Number 1 of Plate 85 is a typical pattern of the lace which, originally no doubt inspired by the East has become universal under the name of "peasant" lace. We find it in Russia, Hungary, Dalmatia, Spain, Sicily, Sardinia, in fact wherever lace was made at all, this pattern with slight variations is supreme. Ceylon and India produce very similar lace, as also does South America. I have therefore made no special reference to these peasant laces, as although quite satisfactory from the point of view of utility, they are only otherwise interesting as the product of an industry much to be encouraged. Numbers 2, 3 and 4, on Plate 85, may be considered as showing a transition state, as in all three there is an attempt to add a background to the toile or tapelike pattern.