Sewerage and Sewage Treatment

Name: Sewerage and Sewage Treatment
Author: Babbitt, Harold E. (Harold Eaton)

Babbitt, Harold E. (Harold Eaton)

Sewage disposal; Sewerage

Labor and Progress. BRICK AND BLOCK
   SEWERS. 183. The Invert. 184. The Arch. 185. Block Sewers.
   186. Organization. 187. Rate of Progress. CONCRETE SEWERS.
   188. Construction in Open Cut. 189. Construction in Tunnels.
   190. Materials for Forms. 191. Design of Forms. 192. Wooden
   Forms. 193. Steel-lined Wooden Forms. 194. Steel Forms. 195.
   Reinforcement. 196. Cost of Concrete Sewers. BACKFILLING.
   197. Method.                                                  233–331


                               CHAPTER XII

                          MAINTENANCE OF SEWERS

 198. Work Involved. 199. Causes of Troubles. 200. Inspection.
   201. Repairs. 202. Cleaning of Sewers. 203. Flushing Sewers.
   204. Cleaning Catch-basins. 205. Protection of Sewers. 206.
   Explosions in Sewers. 207. Valuation of Sewers.               332–351


                              CHAPTER XIII

                  COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF SEWAGE

 208. Physical Characteristics. 209. Chemical Composition. 210.
   Significance of Chemical Constituents. 211. Sewage Bacteria.
   212. Organic Life in Sewage. 213. Decomposition of Sewage.
   214. The Nitrogen Cycle. 215. Plankton and Macroscopic
   Organisms. 216. Variations in the Quality of Sewage. 217.
   Sewage Disposal. 218. Methods of Sewage Treatment.            352–371


                               CHAPTER XIV

                          DISPOSAL BY DILUTION

 219. Definition. 220. Conditions Required for Success. 221.
   Self-purification of Running Streams. 222. Self-purification
   of Lakes. 223. Dilution in Salt Water. 224. Quantity of
   Diluting Water Needed. 225. Governmental Control. 226.
   Preliminary Treatment. 227. Preliminary Investigations.       372–382


                               CHAPTER XV

                       SCREENING AND SEDIMENTATION

 228. Purpose. 229. Types of Screens. 230. Sizes of Openings.
   231. Design of Fixed and Movable Screens. PLAIN
   SEDIMENTATION. 232. Theory of Sedimentation. 233. Types of
   Sedimentation Basins. 234. Limiting Velocities. 235. Quantity
   and Character of Grit. 236. Dimensions of Grit Chambers. 237.
   Existing Grit Chambers. 238. Number of Grit Chambers. 239.
   Quantity and Characteristics of Sludge from Plain
   Sedimentation. 240. Dimensions of Sedimentation Basins.
   CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION. 241. The Process. 242. Chemicals.
   243. Preparation and Addition of Chemicals. 244. Results.     383–409


                               CHAPTER XVI

                              SEPTICIZATION

 245. The Process. 246. The Septic Tank. 247. Results of Septic
   Action. 248. Design of Septic Tanks. 249. Imhoff Tanks. 250.
   Design of Imhoff Tanks. 251. Imhoff Tank Results. 252. Status
   of Imhoff Tanks. 253. Operation of Imhoff Tanks. 254. Other
   Tanks.                                                        410–430


                              CHAPTER XVII

                        FILTRATION AND IRRIGATION

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Sewerage and Sewage Treatment

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