Sex-linked Inheritance in DrosophilaMorgan, Thomas Hunt
Science
Sex-linked Inheritance in Drosophila
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Drosophila; Heredity
The factors (lethal 1, white, facet, abnormal, notch, and bifid) which lie
close to yellow were the first to be calculated and plotted. The next step
was to determine very accurately the position of vermilion with respect to
yellow. There are many separate experiments which influence this
calculation and all were proportionately weighted. Then, using vermilion as
the fixed point the factors (dot, reduplicated, miniature, and sable) which
lie close to vermilion were plotted. The same process was repeated in
locating bar with respect to vermilion and the factors about bar with
reference to bar. The last step was to interpolate the factors (club,
lethal 2, lemon, depressed, and shifted), which form a group about midway
between yellow and vermilion. Of these, club is the only one whose location
is accurate. The apparent closeness of the grouping of these loci is not to
be taken as significant, for they have been placed only with reference to
the distant points yellow and vermilion and not with respect to each other;
furthermore, the data available in the cases of lemon and depressed are
very meager.
The factors which are most important and are most accurately located are
yellow, white (eosin), bifid, club, vermilion, miniature, sable, forked,
and bar. Of these again, white (eosin), vermilion, and bar are of prime
importance and will probably continue to claim first rank. Of the three
allelomorphs, white, eosin, and cherry, eosin is the most useful. {24}
NOMENCLATURE.
The system of symbols used in the diagrams and table headings is as
follows: The factor or gen for a recessive mutant character is represented
by a lower-case letter, as v for vermilion and m for miniature. The symbols
for the dominant mutant characters bar, abnormal, and notch are B', A', and
N'. There are now so many characters that it is impossible to represent all
of them by a single letter. We therefore add a subletter in such cases, as
bifid (b_i), fused (f_u), and lethal 2 (l_2). In the case of multiple
allelomorphs we usually use as the base of the symbol the symbol of that
member of the system which was first found and add a letter as an exponent
to indicate the particular member, as y^s for spot, w^e for eosin, and w^c
for cherry. The normal allelomorphs of the mutant gens are indicated by the
converse letter, as V for not-vermilion, B_i for not-bifid, and b' for
not-bar. In the table headings the normal allelomorphs are indicated by
position alone without the use of a symbol.
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