Sex-linked Inheritance in DrosophilaMorgan, Thomas Hunt
Science
Sex-linked Inheritance in Drosophila
Morgan, Thomas Hunt
Drosophila; Heredity
Thus the symbol [draw] indicates that the female in question carried eosin,
not-vermilion, and bar in one chromosome and not-eosin, vermilion, and
not-bar in the other. The symbol [draw] when used in the heading of a
column in a table indicates that the flies classified under this heading
are the result of single crossing-over between eosin and vermilion in a
mother which was the composition [draw]; the symbol tells at the same time
that the flies that result from a single cross-over between eosin and
vermilion in the mother are of the two contrary classes, eosin bar and
vermilion. When a fly shows two or more non-allelomorphic characters the
names are written from left to right in the order of their positions from
the zero end of the map.
* * * * *
{25}
PART II. NEW DATA.
WHITE.
(Plate II, figure 11.)
The recessive character white eye-color, which appeared in May 1910, was
the first sex-linked mutation in _Drosophila_ (Morgan, 1910_a_, 1910_b_).
Soon afterwards (June 1910) rudimentary appeared, and the two types were
crossed (Morgan, 1910_c_). Under the conditions of culture the viability of
rudimentary was extremely poor, but the data demonstrated the occurrence of
recombination of the factors in the ovogenesis so that white and
rudimentary, though both sex-linked, were brought together into the same
individual. The results were not fully recognized as linkage, because white
and rudimentary are so far apart in the chromosome that they seemed to
assort freely from each other.
Owing to the excellent viability and the perfect sharpness of separation,
white was extensively used in linkage experiments, especially with
miniature and yellow (Morgan, 1911_a_; Morgan and Cattell, 1912 and 1913).
White has been more extensively used than any other character in
_Drosophila_, though it is now being used very little because of the fact
that the double recessives of white with other sex-linked eye-colors, such
as vermilion, are white, and consequently a separation into the true
genetic classes is impossible. The place of white has been taken by eosin,
which is an allelomorph of white and which can be readily used with any
other eye-color.
The locus of white and its allelomorphs is only 1.1 units from that of
yellow, which is the zero of the chromosome. Yellow and white are very
closely linked, therefore giving only about one cross-over per 100 flies.
All the published data upon the linkage of white with other sex-linked
characters have been collected into table 65.
RUDIMENTARY.
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