Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
The next poem that appeared in England, however—Christina Rossetti’s
_Goblin Market_, written in 1859—is so akin to _Christabel_ in its
overtones of folk magic and so alien to the temporally intervening
French poetry on variant themes that it is best to examine it here. It
is generally regarded as variant or even lesbian, but the vivid
narrative is too symbolic for precise sexual interpretation. On the
surface it recounts that two sisters, Laura and Lizzie, as they stroll
at dusk are daily tempted by “goblin men” to buy the most luscious of
ripe fruits. Though knowing the fruits to be forbidden, Laura succumbs,
pays with a curl of her golden hair (having no money), and partakes
alone, Lizzie having fled. “She sucked their fruit globes fair or red
... sucked and sucked and sucked ... until her tongue was sore....”
After this indulgence she can no longer see or hear the goblins, and
wastes away with pining for their delicacies.
When she seems “knocking at Death’s door,” Lizzie, aware that another
girl in like case has recently died, goes to purchase fruit for her
sister with honest coin. The goblins refuse her money and use every
means to force their wares between her own lips, but she resists and
returns so dripping with crushed fruit that she is hopeful of bringing
some satisfaction to her sister. Laura kisses her hungrily, but more in
gratitude for the dreadful risk she has run than in greed for what
lingers “in dimples of her chin.” Indeed, the fruit now scorches Laura’s
lips and is wormwood on her tongue, so that from loathing she is seized
with violent convulsion and falls unconscious. In the morning she awakes
cured, and Lizzie suffers no ill effects at all.
As a translation of voluptuous experience into decorous terms the poem
cannot be equaled, but any attempt at literal reconstruction of the
experience bogs down in the symbolic details. Certain points however are
implicit in the text: Laura’s experience is a complete sexual release
which it needs no acquaintance with Freud to recognize as oral-erotic.
All the goblins are male, but they are grotesque, repulsive, more animal
than human save for their ability to hawk their wares, and these
irresistible wares take the shapes of ripe cherries, peaches, plums,
melons, “figs that fill the mouth”—in short, the whole catalog of
age-old symbols for female charms. Although the sisters are described as
“Sleeping in their curtained bed Cheek to cheek and breast to breast,”
there is no more incestuous lesbian implication here than in Sidney’s
_Arcadia_. These embraces are plainly symbols of the innocence from
which Laura lapses and to which she returns by virtue of Lizzie’s
steadfast purity. Perhaps the only safe inference is that Laura’s “fall”
is solitary, even subjectively induced (psychiatric records prove
fantasy to be an adequate agent). Her subsequent neurotic inhibition is
the product of guilt, and ends in a releasing hysteric convulsion
somehow brought about by Lizzie’s ministrations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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