Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative surveyFoster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
General
Sex variant women in literature : $b A historical and quantitative survey
Foster, Jeannette H. (Jeannette Howard)
Lesbians in literature; Sex in literature; Women in literature
The feminist theme so uncongenial to Holmes’s taste had been presented
with passionate sympathy two years earlier in Olive Schreiner’s _Story
of an African Farm_. This novel is reminiscent of _Mary, a Fiction_,
both in its championship of women and its naïvely autobiographical
pattern. The similarity is due, however, only to the authors’ comparable
life circumstances and not to any possible influence, for by 1880 when
Schreiner was writing, Wollstonecraft’s volume was rare even in England,
and Schreiner had not then left the Transvaal. She brought her
manuscript to London in 1882 and it was published in 1883. _The Story of
an African Farm_ is a sensitive girl’s outcry against the masculine
violence and brutality of a frontier society, and its heroine is
obviously a self-portrait of the author. Lyndall (Schreiner _mère’s_
maiden name) has been turned against men by the villainy or contemptible
weakness of the only specimens of the sex in her lonely milieu, and
equally turned against passion in women by her coarse and callous aunt’s
susceptibility to it. Snared later by her own emotions, she revolts
against her lover’s domination, refuses marriage, bears his child
secretly and alone, and falls fatally ill in consequence. An effeminate
boy, long in love with her, traces her to her hiding place, disguises
himself as a woman, and without revealing his identity nurses her until
her death.
All her life, at least on the conscious level, Lyndall has sought
“something nobler, stronger than I, before which I can kneel down.”
Religion, the obvious answer to her need, has been spoiled for her by
the pitiable weakness of the one man she has known who professed it. Her
lover is stronger than she but signally lacking in the nobility she
craves. Her only help, and subconsciously her only real love, is her own
fearless strength. At one point she is reduced to crying: “Why am I so
alone, so hard, so cold? Will nothing free me from myself?” But on two
other occasions, notably the deathbed scene where she communes with her
own image in a mirror,[16] her naïve and passionate narcissism reveals
itself so clearly and is so lovingly transcribed as to betray it as the
author’s own. (One cannot help wondering whether Barrès had read the
_African Farm_ before writing his preface to _Monsieur Vénus_ in 1885.)
Schreiner’s heroine is drawn to no individual woman save herself, but
she is an impassioned champion of the whole female sex as well as a
hater-of-men. The novel is filled with revolt against the subjugation of
women and their limited opportunities for individual development.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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