Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Stage history; Theater -- England
In the scene with Ophelia and Hamlet, both in French's and Cumberland's
acting-version, Hamlet is marked to exit after the word "Farewell," and to
re-enter again directly afterwards, thus conveying the impression that he
returns in order to give more force to his reproaches. These
stage-directions are not to be found in either of the quartos or yet in
the folio, and I can find no foundation for them in the text. They seem to
me to be an unnecessary interruption in a solemn scene, and to interfere
with its impressiveness. Hamlet is dismissing Ophelia to a nunnery, and
the word "Farewell" is added to impress her with the necessity of her
going. She must leave him, not he her. It is, indeed, a subtle touch of
Shakespeare's that Ophelia here should think Hamlet's intense feeling and
earnestness was madness, for the Prince was "hoist with his own petard,"
having previously assumed madness for the purpose of breaking off his
engagement with her, "made in honourable fashion, with almost all the
holy vows of heaven." After the exit of Polonius and the King, the
stage-direction in the acting version is: "_Enter_ Hamlet _and_ First
Player." The Globe edition makes this the beginning of another scene, and
where changes of scene take place in a theatre it would be correct to make
an alteration, for the scene in the text is a banqueting hall and the time
night. The stage-direction of the second quarto gives, "_Enter_ Hamlet
_and three of the_ Players," and that of the folio, "_Enter_ Hamlet _and
two or three of the_ Players." Hamlet, therefore, should not enter, as he
does now, with only one player.
I should like to make a remark in passing on Hamlet's expression,
"trippingly on the tongue." If Burbage's company spoke Shakespeare's lines
in this way, I believe the longer plays could be acted in three hours. The
late Mr. Brandram's recitals showed how much more effective Shakespeare's
lines can be made when spoken "trippingly on the tongue," and that the
enjoyment of the public depends more upon the appropriate rendering of the
text than upon the scenic accessories.
The stage-direction in the folio for the entrance of the court to see the
play reads: "_Enter_ King, _etc., with his guard carrying torches_." It is
a pity, I think, that these directions are not inserted in our acting
versions. It would make a pretty picture for the stage to be darkened, and
to have the mimic play acted by torchlight.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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