Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Stage history; Theater -- England
may not be said to Horatio at all, but to one of the players who may be
hanging about the stage waiting for instructions after the sudden
interruption of the performance. He would then retire, and send some of
his fellows with recorders. In French's acting-edition the words, "To
withdraw with you," are altered to "So withdraw with you," after which
comes the rather curious stage-direction, "_Exeunt_ Horatio _and_
Recorders." There are no such directions in the quartos or folio. A
recorder is not a person, but a musical instrument. From indications in
the first quarto, Horatio should remain on the stage until the end of the
scene, for Hamlet says, "Good-night, Horatio," to which Horatio replies,
"Good-night unto your lordship."
The third scene in the Globe edition is the second scene in the
acting-version. French's edition contains the King's long soliloquy, and
omits Hamlet's entrance. Cumberland's edition omits both. I think that to
omit Hamlet's entrance in this scene is to interfere with Shakespeare's
dramatic construction. Its omission breaks an important link between the
closet scene and the play scene, and prevents the audience fully realizing
the consequences of Hamlet's clemency. Shakespeare shows us Hamlet
wishing to take the King's life at three different periods during the
play, but the King's craft and Hamlet's conscience stand in the way; for
the Ghost's word must first be challenged; then the mother's wishes must
be respected; while the King's prayers must not be interrupted; and when
the next opportunity occurs the wrong man is killed. This is the sequence
of the story, and it should not be broken; even the compiler of the first
quarto knew this, for all three incidents are made prominent in his text.
But our stage Hamlets try to tone down the inconsistencies and
imperfections of the character; they exploit his sentiments, but do not
show his inclinations. Hamlet wants to kill the King, notwithstanding that
his sensitive nature instinctively rebels against the deed. A student, a
controversialist, and a moralist, what has he to do with revenge or
murder? But Hamlet, regardless of his own temperament, thinks only of his
duty to his father.
Passing now to the third scene, which is the fourth in the Globe edition,
I find that after the exit of the Ghost no less than 52 lines have been
cut out, and their omission has caused actors to introduce stage-business
which is contradictory to the text. Many Hamlets show an emotional
tenderness towards the Queen which would be quite out of place if all the
text were spoken. Look at the fierce satire expressed in lines 190
onwards! Hamlet in his self-constituted office "as scourge and minister"
cannot caress his mother or hold her in his arms as is now done by actors.
However much she may solicit his sympathy, his reply is: "I must be cruel
only to be kind." I should like to see inserted in the acting-edition the
fine lines of Hamlet to the Queen--
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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