Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Stage history; Theater -- England
Elizabethan players had an advantage over modern actors in that they could
more readily appreciate the construction of Shakespeare's plays. They knew
that the dramatist's characters mutually supported each other within a
definite dramatic structure, and that it was the business of the actor to
preserve the author's framework. This attitude towards the play grew
naturally out of the conditions belonging to their theatre, for unless the
plot were adhered to, confusion would have arisen in the matter of
entrances and exits, causing the continuity of the movement to be
interrupted.
After the Restoration, when the public theatres were reopened, the "fable"
ceased to have the same importance attached to it by the actors, and
attention became more and more centred on those characters which were good
acting parts. In 1773 appeared a collected edition of Shakespeare's plays,
"As they are now performed at the Theatres Royal, Regulated from the
Prompt Books of each House." The volumes were dedicated to Garrick, whom
Bell, the compiler, pronounced to be "the best illustrator of, and the
best living comment on, Shakespeare that ever has appeared or possibly
ever will grace the British stage"; a statement which is qualified by the
remark of Capell that "Garrick spoke many speeches of Shakespeare as if he
did not understand them." Garrick, however, expresses his fear lest--
"the prunings, transpositions, or other alterations which in his
province as a manager he had often found necessary to make or adopt
with regard to the text, for the convenience of representation or
accommodation to the powers and capacities of his performers, might
be misconstrued into a critical presumption of offering to the
_literati_ a reformed and more correct edition of our author's works;
this being by no means his intention."
The reader need only examine one of the plays in Bell's "Companion to the
Theatre" to understand Garrick's modesty as to his "prunings." Take the
actor's stage-version of "Macbeth"--one of Bell's notes states, "This
play, even amidst the fine sentiments it contains, would shrink before
criticism did not Macbeth and his lady afford such uncommon scope for
acting merit. Upon the whole, it is a fine drama with some gross
blemishes." Apparently the "blemishes" are only found in those scenes
where Macbeth or his wife do not appear, for Bell continues:
"The part of the porter is properly omitted...."
"The flat, uninteresting scene, between Lenox and another useless
Lord, is properly omitted...."
"Here Shakespeare, as if the vigorous exertion of his faculties in
the preceding scene required relaxation, has given us a most
trifling, superfluous dialogue between Lady Macduff, Rosse, and her
son, merely that another murder may be committed on the stage. We
heartily concur in and approve of striking out the greater part of
it...."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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