6. No plays should be given during "any usual time of divine service," and no persons should be admitted into playing places until after divine services were over. 7. The proprietors of such places should pay towards the support of the poor a sum to be agreed upon by the city authorities. In order, however, to avoid trouble with the Queen, or those noblemen who were accustomed to have plays given in their homes for the private entertainment of themselves and their guests, the Common Council added, rather grudgingly, the following proviso: Provided alway that this act (otherwise than touching the publishing of unchaste, seditious, and unmeet matters) shall not extend to any plays, interludes, comedies, tragedies, or shews to be played or shewed in the private house, dwelling, or lodging of any nobleman, citizen, or gentleman, which shall or will then have the same there so played or shewed in his presence for the festivity of any marriage, assembly of friends, or other like cause, without public or common collections of money of the auditory or beholders thereof. Such regulations if strictly enforced would prove very annoying to the players. But, as the Common Council itself informs us, "these orders were not then observed." The troupes continued to play in the city, protected against any violent action on the part of the municipal authorities by the known favor of the Queen and the frequent interference of the Privy Council. This state of affairs was not, of course, comfortable for the actors; but it was by no means desperate, and for several years after the passage of the ordinance of 1574 they continued without serious interruption to occupy their inn-playhouses. The long-continued hostility of the city authorities, however, of which the ordinance of 1574 was an ominous expression, led more or less directly to the construction of special buildings devoted to plays and situated beyond the jurisdiction of the Common Council. As the Reverend John Stockwood, in _A Sermon Preached at Paules Crosse, 1578_, indignantly puts it: Have we not _houses of purpose_, built with great charges for the maintenance of plays, and that _without the liberties_, as who would say "_There, let them say what they will say, we will play!_" Thus came into existence playhouses; and with them dawned a new era in the history of the English drama. [Illustration: THE SITE OF THE FIRST PLAYHOUSES Finsbury Field and Holywell. The man walking from the Field towards Shoreditch is just entering Holywell Lane. (From Agas's _Map of London_, representing the city as it was about 1560.)] CHAPTER III THE THEATRE