Traumatic neuroses; War neuroses; World War, 1914-1918 -- Health aspects; World War, 1914-1918 -- Veterans -- Mental health
Upon recovery of consciousness, which may take place after periods
varying between a few minutes and a few weeks, the immediate disorders
of sensation, emotion, intellect, and movement, are often very severe.
It may be presumed that at the beginning of the war they must have
appeared far more serious to most of the doctors who saw them in their
early stages than they would now. This speculation is suggested by the
evidence of the case-sheets sent with the men from France in the early
period of the campaign. Such diagnoses as “delusional insanity,” and
other similar terms taken from the current classifications of advanced
conditions of insanity, appear very frequently as descriptions of cases
which on arrival in England had almost entirely lost every sign of
mental unusualness. In fact, one of the most cheering aspects of work
amongst this type of case has been the rapidity with which men who have
presented quite alarming symptoms have subsequently recovered.
It may seem almost unnecessary to enumerate the bizarre phenomena which
constitute the immediate results of shell-shock, for our newspapers
have naturally seized upon such unusual details and have made the most
of their opportunities in this direction. But the reader will obtain a
clearer idea of the facts if they are catalogued once more.
The most obvious phenomena are undoubtedly the disturbances of
sensation and movement. A soldier may be struck blind, deaf or dumb
by a bursting shell: in rare cases he may exhibit all three disorders
simultaneously or even successively. It should be added that these
troubles often vanish after a short space of time, as suddenly and
dramatically as they appeared. Thus one of the blinded soldier
survivors of the _Hesperian_ recovered his sight on being thrown into
the water. Other blind patients have had their sight restored under
the action of hypnosis. Mutism is often conquered by the shock of a
violent emotion, produced accidentally or purposely. Examples of such
“shocking” events taken at random from our experience were the sight
of another patient slipping from the arms of an orderly, the “going
under” chloroform, the application of a faradic current to the neck,
the announcement at a “picture house” of Rumania’s entry into the war
(this cured two cases simultaneously), and the sight of the antics
of our most popular film comedian. The latter agency cured a case of
functional deaf-mutism, the patient’s first auditory sensations being
the sound of his own laugh.
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