Transcriber’s Note Italic text displayed as: _italic_ Bold text displayed as: =bold= SHIPS OF THE SEVEN SEAS [Illustration: _The Santa Maria, the Niña and the Pinta_ _The most famous ships that ever sailed the seas_ _The Niña, shown in the foreground, was the smallest of the three, but in her Columbus returned to Spain after the Santa Maria was wrecked, and the captain of the Pinta seemed tempted to prove unfaithful._] SHIPS OF THE SEVEN SEAS BY HAWTHORNE DANIEL AUTHOR OF “IN THE FAVOUR OF THE KING” WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT [Illustration: Decoration] _DRAWINGS BY_ FRANCIS J. RIGNEY GARDEN CITY NEW YORK DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY 1925 COPYRIGHT, 1925, BY DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES AT THE COUNTRY LIFE PRESS, GARDEN CITY, N. Y. _First Edition_ TO NELLE R. DANIEL MY WIFE WITHOUT WHOSE ENCOURAGEMENT AND ASSISTANCE THIS BOOK WOULD PROBABLY HAVE BEEN BEGUN, BUT MOST CERTAINLY WOULD NEVER HAVE BEEN COMPLETED FOREWORD In gathering material for a book of this kind one’s sources of information are likely to be so numerous and so diverse as to defy classification. Some of the information I have gotten first hand on ships in which I have served or voyaged. Much more of it has been picked up from countless scattered sources during twenty years or more in which ships have been my hobby. More still, however, has been consciously taken from books on ships and shipping that I have gathered together or referred to during the time I spent actually in preparing the manuscript. Those books to which I have most often referred, and to the authors and publishers of which I am particularly indebted, are as follows: “Ancient and Modern Ships,” by Sir G. C. V. Holmes “The Clipper Ship Era,” by Arthur H. Clark “Dictionary of Sea Terms,” by A. Ansted “Elements of Navigation,” by W. J. Henderson, A. M. “The Frigate _Constitution_,” by Ira N. Hollis “Lightships and Lighthouses,” by F. A. Talbot “The Lookout Man,” by David W. Bone “Mercantile Marine,” by E. Keble Chatterton “Modern Seamanship,” by Austin M. Knight “Sailing Ships and Their Story,” by E. Keble Chatterton In addition to these I have received much assistance from the New York Public Library, the American Museum of Natural History, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the U. S. Congressional Library, the Marine Museum at the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, and a number of friends, who, knowing of my interest in ships, have brought me some of the most interesting of the facts that I have used. H. D. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SHIPS 1 II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF SAILS 34