Old-fashioned Topsail Schooner 8 “River sailors rather than blue-water seamen” 13 “Mine be a mattress on the poop” 34 Cast of a Relief showing Rowers on a Trireme 38 Vase in the form of a Trireme’s Prow 42 Portions of Early Mediterranean Anchor 44 Shield Signalling 49 Greek Penteconter from an Ancient Vase 51 The Egyptian Corn-Ship _Goddess Isis_ 58 The “Korax” or Boarding Bridge in Action 63 Sketches of Ancient Ships, by Richard Cook, R.A. 64 Ancient Coins illustrating Types of Rams 65 Bronze Figurehead of Roman Ship 66 Sketches of Ancient Ships, by Richard Cook, R.A. 66 Two Coins depicting Naumachiæ 68 A Roman Naumachia 68 Chart to illustrate Cæsar’s crossing the English Channel 71 Hull of Roman Ship found at Westminster 78 Details of Roman Ship found at Westminster 80 Details of Roman Ship found at Westminster 82 Primitive Navigation of the Vikings 89 Details of Viking Ships and Tackle 99 Vikings boarding an Enemy 102 Viking Ship with Awning up 111 Thirteenth-Century Merchant Sailing Ship 123 Fourteenth-Century Portolano of the Mediterranean 124 Prince Henry the Navigator 126 Fifteenth-Century Shipbuilding Yard 132 A Fifteenth-Century Ship 134 The Fleet of Richard I setting forth for the Crusades 139 A Medieval Sea-going Ship 146 Fifteenth-Century Caravel, after a Delineation by Columbus 158 “Ordered the crew ... to lay out an anchor astern” 162 Fifteenth-Century Caravel, after a Delineation by Columbus 164 Three-masted Caravel 166 Sixteenth-Century Caravel at Sea 166 Sixteenth-Century Caravel at Anchor 170 Sixteenth-Century Astrolabe supposed to have been on board a Ship of the Armada 172 Astrolabe used by the English Sixteenth-Century Navigators 173