Sketch of the Sikhs: A Singular Nation Who Inhabit the Provinces of Penjab, Situated Between the Rivers Jumna and IndusMalcolm, John
Religion
Sketch of the Sikhs: A Singular Nation Who Inhabit the Provinces of Penjab, Situated Between the Rivers Jumna and Indus
Malcolm, John
Sikhs
It is stated, that this warlike[24] Gúrú, or priest militant, wore
two swords in his girdle. Being asked why he did so: "The one," said
he, "is to revenge the death of my father; the other, to destroy the
miracles of Muhammed."
Har Góvind is reputed, by some authors, to have been the first who
allowed his followers to eat[25] the flesh of all animals, with the
exception of the cow: and it appears not improbable that he made
this great change in their diet at the time when he effected a still
more remarkable revolution in their habits, by converting a race of
peaceable enthusiasts into an intrepid band of soldiers[26]. He had
five sons, Bábú Gúrúdaitya, Saurat Singh, Tégh Bahádur, Anna Ráy, and
Atal Ráy. The two last died without descendants. Saurat Singh and
Tégh Singh, or Tégh Bahádur, were, by the cruel persecution of the
Muhammedans, forced to fly into the mountains to the northward of the
Penjáb. His eldest son, Gurudaítya, died early, but left two sons,
Dáharmal and Har Ráy; the latter of whom succeeded his grandfather,
who died in the year A. D. 1644, and of the Samvat 1701. It does not
appear that Har Ráy enjoyed much temporal power, or that he entered
into any hostilities with the Muhammedans: his rule was tranquil, and
passed without any remarkable event; owing, probably, to the vigor
which the Muhammedan power had attained in the early part of the reign
of Aurungzéb. At his death, which happened in the year A. D. 1661, and
of the Samvat 1718, a violent contest arose among the Sikhs, regarding
the succession to the office of spiritual leader; for the temporal
power of their ruler was, at this period, little more than nominal.
The dispute between his sons, or, as some Sikh authors state, his son
and grandson, Har Crishn and Rám Ráy, was referred to Dehli, whither
both parties went; and, by an imperial decree of Aurungzéb, the Sikhs
were allowed to elect their own priest. They chose Har Crishn, who
died at Dehli in the year A. D. 1664, and of the Samvat 1721; and was
succeeded by his uncle, Tégh Behádur. He, however, had to encounter the
most violent opposition from his nephew, Rám Ráy[27], who remained at
Dehli, and endeavoured, by every art and intrigue, to effect his ruin:
he was seized, and brought to Dehli, in consequence of his nephew's
misrepresentations; and, after being in prison for two years, was
released at the intercession of Jayasingh, Rájá of Jayapúr, whom he
accompanied to Bengal. Tégh Behádur afterwards took up his abode at
the city of Patna[28]; but was pursued, agreeable to Sikh authors, to
his retreat, with implacable rancour, by the jealousy and ambition of
Rám Ráy; who at last accomplished the destruction of his rival. He was
brought from Patna, and, by the accounts of the same authors, publicly
put to death, without even the allegation of a crime, beyond a firm
and undaunted assertion of the truth of that faith of which he was
the high priest. This event is said to have taken place in the year
A. D.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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